@article {pmid40066338,
year = {2025},
author = {Ding, Z and Deng, Y and Luo, H and Liu, C and Yang, M and Xue, H and Chen, Z},
title = {Progress of tanshinone IIA against respiratory diseases: therapeutic targets and potential mechanisms.},
journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1505672},
doi = {10.3389/fphar.2025.1505672},
pmid = {40066338},
issn = {1663-9812},
abstract = {The respiratory system stands as one of the eight pivotal systems within the human body, responsible for a range of essential functions. Primarily, it facilitates the absorption of oxygen from the external environment and the expulsion of carbon dioxide, thereby playing a crucial role in regulating the body's acid-base balance. Furthermore, it helps to maintain the stability of the internal environment, ensuring the smooth progression of normal metabolic processes and sustaining life activities. In the wake of the novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak, respiratory diseases have continued to exhibit comparatively high morbidity and mortality rates, underscoring the urgent need for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), a bioactive chemical constituent derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has emerged as a promising candidate. As a significant fat-soluble compound, Tan IIA has traditionally been utilized in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. As research on Tan IIA has progressed, its multifaceted therapeutic potential has been unveiled. Specifically, Tan IIA has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, anti-fibrosis, and anti-cancer effects. In recent years, a wealth of studies has concentrated on elucidating its impact on various respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, and lung cancer. These findings collectively suggest that Tan IIA holds considerable promise in the realm of anti-respiratory disease therapies. The present article undertakes a comprehensive review of the targets and potential mechanisms of Tan IIA against respiratory diseases, offering valuable insights that can serve as a reference for future research endeavors and clinical applications of Tan IIA in the treatment of respiratory ailments.},
}

@article {pmid40066274,
year = {2025},
author = {Karnwal, A and Jassim, AY and Mohammed, AA and Al-Tawaha, ARMS and Selvaraj, M and Malik, T},
title = {Addressing the global challenge of bacterial drug resistance: insights, strategies, and future directions.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1517772},
doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2025.1517772},
pmid = {40066274},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic underscored bacterial resistance as a critical global health issue, exacerbated by the increased use of antibiotics during the crisis. Notwithstanding the pandemic's prevalence, initiatives to address bacterial medication resistance have been inadequate. Although an overall drop in worldwide antibiotic consumption, total usage remains substantial, requiring rigorous regulatory measures and preventive activities to mitigate the emergence of resistance. Although National Action Plans (NAPs) have been implemented worldwide, significant disparities persist, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Settings such as farms, hospitals, wastewater treatment facilities, and agricultural environments include a significant presence of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARG), promoting the propagation of resistance. Dietary modifications and probiotic supplementation have shown potential in reshaping gut microbiota and reducing antibiotic resistance gene prevalence. Combining antibiotics with adjuvants or bacteriophages may enhance treatment efficacy and mitigate resistance development. Novel therapeutic approaches, such as tailored antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and nanoparticles, offer alternate ways of addressing resistance. In spite of advancements in next-generation sequencing and analytics, gaps persist in comprehending the role of gut microbiota in regulating antibiotic resistance. Effectively tackling antibiotic resistance requires robust policy interventions and regulatory measures targeting root causes while minimizing public health risks. This review provides information for developing strategies and protocols to prevent bacterial colonization, enhance gut microbiome resilience, and mitigate the spread of antibiotic resistance.},
}

@article {pmid40066067,
year = {2025},
author = {Maryanchik, SV and Borovikova, SE and Ivanova, AO and Trofimov, VV and Bagrova, OE and Frolova, AS and Mityaeva, ON and Volchkov, PY and Deviatkin, AA},
title = {Antivirotics based on defective interfering particles: emerging concepts and challenges.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1436026},
doi = {10.3389/fcimb.2025.1436026},
pmid = {40066067},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Virus Replication/drug effects ; *Defective Viruses/genetics ; *Virus Diseases/drug therapy ; Viruses/drug effects ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Viruses are obligate parasites, that use the host's internal metabolic systems for their own reproduction. This complicates the search for molecular targets to prevent the spread of viral infection without disrupting the vital functions of human cells. Defective interfering particles (DIPs) are natural competitors of viruses for important resources of viral reproduction. DIPs emerge during infection, originate from the normal viral replication process and inhibit its progression, making them an interesting candidate for antiviral therapy. Here we describe the biology of DIPs, advances in DIP-based antiviral technology, analyze their therapeutic potential and provide a systemic overview of existing preventive and therapeutic antiviral strategies.},
}

Humans
*Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*Virus Replication/drug effects
*Defective Viruses/genetics
*Virus Diseases/drug therapy
Viruses/drug effects
Animals

@article {pmid40066002,
year = {2025},
author = {Barfar, E and Raei, B and Daneshi, S and Bagher Barahouei, F and Hushmandi, K},
title = {The burden of COVID-19 based on disability-adjusted life years: a systematic review of available evidence.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1401726},
doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2025.1401726},
pmid = {40066002},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/mortality ; *Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; *Global Health/statistics & numerical data ; Persons with Disabilities/statistics & numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Cost of Illness ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Pandemics/economics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The present study tries to evaluate and summarize the available evidence to provide insights into the COVID-19 burden worldwide using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and compare the level of damage across countries during this pandemic.

METHOD: We conducted a systematic review following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to investigate the global burden of COVID-19. Studies were identified through searches conducted on Ovid Medline, Cochrane, Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed databases as well as, the Google Scholar search engine. All stages of the search, study selection, qualitative assessment, and data extraction were carried out by two authors separately. Any disagreement among reviewers was resolved by discussion.

RESULTS: The total DALYs incurred by COVID-19 varied widely among nations, with rates per 100,000 population ranging from approximately 5 in Korea to 5,363 in the US. Deaths due to COVID-19 could substantially impact years of life lost (YLLs), emerging as a major contributing factor to DALYs. Furthermore, unlike in high-income countries, a significant proportion of YLLs in low- and middle-income countries is associated with individuals dying at younger ages. Years lived with disability (YLDs) were also identified as a minor contributing factor to DALY estimates associated with COVID-19.

CONCLUSION: Our findings from this investigation provide valuable insights into the impacts of COVID-19 on global health that may be an important basis for assessing its global burden, facilitating international comparisons, and allocating efforts to manage the epidemic. However, challenges persist in identifying and quantifying the economic costs and non-health effects of the event on an international scale.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/mortality
*Disability-Adjusted Life Years
*Global Health/statistics & numerical data
Persons with Disabilities/statistics & numerical data
SARS-CoV-2
Cost of Illness
Quality-Adjusted Life Years
Pandemics/economics

@article {pmid40065843,
year = {2025},
author = {Stroisch, S and Angelini, V and Schnettler, S and Vogt, T},
title = {Health Outcomes in EU Cross-Border Regions: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Public health reviews},
volume = {46},
number = {},
pages = {1608170},
doi = {10.3389/phrs.2025.1608170},
pmid = {40065843},
issn = {0301-0422},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This scoping review examines health outcome trends in European cross-border regions, identifies available evidence, and highlights research gaps. The European Union's integration efforts aim to harmonise living standards and healthcare access. Removed border controls and freedom of movement enhanced service availability, benefiting populations in border regions with cross-border healthcare access. However, these populations are exposed to different institutional settings, highlighting health differences worth studying.

METHODS: We employed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, using the PCC (Population-Concept-Context) framework to set eligibility criteria. The search covered literature databases and international governmental institution websites, yielding 785 studies, with 24 included in the final analysis.

RESULTS: No comprehensive studies investigating longitudinal population health patterns were found. Instead, there are studies on specific diseases or health outcomes in particular border regions, especially around Germany. Most of these studies were cross-sectional. Five key research themes emerged: antibiotic resistance, COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2, other infectious diseases, cancer survival, and additional health outcomes.

CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that cross-border contexts have predominantly been used to study infectious disease spread, with little attention given to the broader impact of European integration on long-term health trends.},
}

@article {pmid40065303,
year = {2025},
author = {Pan, H and Yu, Y and Li, X and Wang, M and Wen, C and Dai, Q and Huang, L},
title = {Vaccination and rheumatoid arthritis: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of data from 25,949,597 participants.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {933},
pmid = {40065303},
issn = {1471-2458},
support = {No.GZY-ZJ-KJ-23009//the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine- Joint Project with Zhejiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/ ; No.LY24H270004//the Basic public welfare research program of Zhejiang Province/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; *Vaccination/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between vaccinations and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), specifically addressing concerns about a potential increased risk among vaccinated individuals.

METHODS: A systematic search for cohort studies and case-control studies examining the association between vaccinations and RA was conducted using Medical Subject Headings and relevant keywords across PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to September 2024. The risk of bias of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was employed to evaluate the overall certainty of evidence. Statistical analyses, i.e., pooling of relative risk (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), were performed using a random-effects model on STATA software (version 14.0). Due to the I² value exceeding 50%, we did not perform an asymmetry test to assess publication bias.

RESULTS: This meta-analysis included 16 observational studies conducted between 2008 and 2024 and involving a total of 25,949,597 participants. The follow-up duration ranged from 0.03 to 9 years, while the data collection period varied from 2.75 to 9.5 years. The analysis found no significant association between vaccination exposure and RA [RR = 1.03, 95% CI (0.95-1.11), I²=93.4%, P = 0.456, low level of evidence]. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of this result. Subgroup analyses revealed no significant risk of RA associated with HPV vaccination [RR = 1.27 95% CI (0.78-2.08), I²=81.4%, P = 0.339], influenza vaccination [RR = 1.10, 95% CI (0.98-1.23), I²=52.4%, P = 0.112], Anthrax vaccination [RR = 2.21, 95% CI (0.75-6.52)], Herpes Zoster vaccination [RR = 2.70, 95% CI (1.70-4.29)], or COVID-19 vaccination [RR = 0.94, 95% CI (0.82-1.07), I²=97.4%, P = 0.340]. However, the subgroup with a follow-up duration varying between 0.5 and 1.8 years showed that (HPV & COVID-19) vaccination had a significant protective effect on RA [RR = 0.92, 95% CI (0.87-0.98), I²=95.3%, P = 0.005].

CONCLUSION: The evidence for the association between vaccination and RA risk is insufficient, and vaccination may serve as a protective factor for RA over a less than one year follow-up duration.},
}

Humans
*Arthritis, Rheumatoid
*Vaccination/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid40064761,
year = {2025},
author = {Xiang, H and Zhang, L and Cai, M and Zhang, Y},
title = {Insights into dysregulated innate immunity in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis.},
journal = {Infection},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40064761},
issn = {1439-0973},
support = {BRWEP2024W042180101//Beijing Research Ward Excellence Program/ ; },
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is a severe complication arising from the co-infection of viral and fungal pathogens in the lungs, with its incidence notably increasing. Although significant progress has been made in elucidating the pathogenesis of CAPA in recent years, the precise pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this condition remain only partially understood. Current evidence indicates that CAPA primarily results from dysregulation of innate antifungal immune responses. Key contributing factors include epithelial barrier dysfunction, impaired phagocytic activity against fungi, aberrant expression of antimicrobial peptides, immunologic tolerance, and lung dysbiosis, all of which collectively weaken host defense mechanisms. Concurrently, excessive pro-inflammatory responses-driven by cytokine storms and oxidative stress associated with antiviral immunity-further exacerbate lung injury in COVID-19 patients, creating a detrimental feedback loop that impairs immune function and heightens susceptibility to CAPA. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in understanding the role of dysregulated innate immunity in the pathogenesis of CAPA. These insights may inform clinical management strategies and improve outcomes for patients suffering CAPA.},
}

@article {pmid40064583,
year = {2025},
author = {Shabahang, R and Arena, AS and Navis, I and Kuhls, D and Newton, C and Burke, RV},
title = {Factors Associated with Resilience in Children During a Disaster: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Disaster medicine and public health preparedness},
volume = {19},
number = {},
pages = {e52},
doi = {10.1017/dmp.2024.341},
pmid = {40064583},
issn = {1938-744X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Resilience, Psychological ; Child ; Adolescent ; Social Support ; Disasters ; COVID-19/psychology ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This scoping review maps and assesses the literature on resilience in children affected by disasters, identifying critical factors that contribute to resilience, including social support, mental health, family function, and socioeconomic status.

METHODS: A literature search was conducted across PubMed, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Scopus for studies published between 2002 and 2023, focusing on children and adolescents (ages 0-18) affected by natural or man-made disasters. Studies on adults, PTSD, or adverse childhood experiences were excluded. Data extraction was thematically synthesized to examine resilience factors.

RESULTS: Of 244 articles, 16 met the inclusion criteria. Social support emerged as a key resilience factor in 8 studies, and 6 linked higher resilience to fewer mental health symptoms. Five studies during COVID-19 highlighted adaptive behaviors, while family dynamics and community support were critical in 5 studies. Socioeconomic status, explored in 4 studies, revealed complex influences.

CONCLUSIONS: Social and emotional support are crucial for resilience in children after disasters. Targeted interventions could significantly improve outcomes. Limitations include few child-focused studies and uncontrolled confounders. Future research should focus on resilience interventions, especially for lower socioeconomic populations.},
}

Humans
*Resilience, Psychological
Child
Adolescent
Social Support
Disasters
COVID-19/psychology

@article {pmid40064011,
year = {2025},
author = {Vasileia, E and Koulierakis, G and Fouskas, T and Liarigkovinou, A},
title = {Health Literacy and Acceptance of COVID-19 Preventive Measures and Vaccination in the European Union: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Health literacy research and practice},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {e46-e55},
pmid = {40064011},
issn = {2474-8307},
mesh = {Humans ; *Health Literacy/statistics & numerical data ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; *European Union ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Vaccination/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Health literacy is becoming increasingly important in the field of public health as it contributes to individuals' social empowerment. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, preventive measures (mask usage, physical distancing, hand washing) and vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) shaped the degree of infection of the population, and their acceptance was associated with a multitude of factors, health literacy included. The aim of this scoping review is to explore the impact of all health literacy dimensions (namely, understanding, access, evaluation and application of health information) on accepting preventive measures and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 among adult European citizens.

METHODS: A literature search on three different databases was conducted from July 2022 to December 2022.

KEY RESULTS: A total of 154 articles were initially identified, which were rigorously assessed by two reviewers. Ten studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The results showed that health literacy played an important role in accepting preventive measures and vaccination as well as in rating health information related to the coronavirus.

DISCUSSION: Health literacy is a positive predictor of coronavirus prophylaxis and could be incorporated into public health policies to appropriately control future health crises. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2025;9(1):e46-e55.].},
}

Humans
*Health Literacy/statistics & numerical data
*COVID-19/prevention & control
*European Union
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
Vaccination/psychology/statistics & numerical data
Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology/statistics & numerical data
Pandemics/prevention & control

@article {pmid40063748,
year = {2025},
author = {Tran, L and Cucé, F and Thanh An, N and Dila, KAS and Nam, NH and Cat, DLN and Jun, LW and Ansar, F and Abdallh, F and Vo, A and Huy, NT},
title = {A content review of COVID-19-related apps used in Vietnam.},
journal = {Journal of infection in developing countries},
volume = {19},
number = {2},
pages = {208-220},
doi = {10.3855/jidc.19329},
pmid = {40063748},
issn = {1972-2680},
mesh = {Humans ; Vietnam ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Mobile Applications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Various digital applications (apps) have been developed as an aid to address the novel issues caused by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Vietnam has experienced a proliferation of apps for this purpose. This review aims to evaluate all Vietnamese COVID-19 apps, analyzing their features, functionality, advantages, disadvantages, and ethical issues to inform developers, communities, and governments on the most desirable features of COVID-19 apps and the user's opinions.

METHODOLOGY: A systematic search was conducted on October 1, 2022, on PubMed, Scopus, Google, and the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) News's official website to identify COVID-19 apps available in Vietnam. The apps were evaluated through user reviews and content analysis of their specific features and drawbacks.

RESULTS: Thirty Vietnam-based COVID-19 mobile apps were identified on the Apple and Google Play Store. Their functions were recorded and analyzed using a dedicated tool for appraising mobile applications. Although useful, many specific COVID-19 features were dispersed and duplicated between the apps. The most comprehensive apps still lack important functionalities, such as vaccination information. The most serious user concerns were privacy breaches during data recording and storage, technical issues, and non-user-friendly interfaces.

CONCLUSIONS: The panorama of current COVID-19 apps in Vietnam is complex and includes many apps. Their overlap in features and functions could create a dispersion of mobile users that could undermine the apps' usefulness and effectiveness in combating the pandemic in Vietnam. An app that integrates the most useful features and addresses the main issues could facilitate user experience and usage uptake.},
}

Humans
Vietnam
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
*Mobile Applications
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40063213,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, X and Pahwa, A and Bausch-Jurken, MT and Chitkara, A and Sharma, P and Malmenäs, M and Vats, S and Whitfield, MG and Lai, KZH and Dasari, P and Gupta, R and Nassim, M and Van de Velde, N and Green, N and Beck, E},
title = {Comparative Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccines Among Adults with Underlying Medical Conditions: Systematic Literature Review and Pairwise Meta-Analysis Using GRADE.},
journal = {Advances in therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40063213},
issn = {1865-8652},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This systematic literature review and pairwise meta-analysis evaluated the comparative effectiveness of mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2 in patients with at least one underlying medical condition at high risk for severe COVID-19.

METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant articles from January 1, 2019 to February 9, 2024. Studies reporting effectiveness data from at least two doses of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 vaccination in adults with medical conditions at high risk of developing severe COVID-19 according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were included. Outcomes of interest were SARS-CoV-2 infection (overall, symptomatic, and severe), hospitalization due to COVID-19, and death due to COVID-19. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated with random effects models. Subgroup analyses by specific medical conditions, number of vaccinations, age, and SARS-CoV-2 variant were conducted. Heterogeneity between studies was estimated with chi-square testing. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessments, Development, and Evaluations framework.

RESULTS: Sixty-five observational studies capturing the original/ancestral-containing primary series to Omicron-containing bivalent original-BA4-5 vaccinations were included in the meta-analysis. mRNA-1273 was associated with significantly lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (RR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.79-0.92]; I[2] = 92.5%), symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (RR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.65-0.86]; I[2] = 62.3%), severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (RR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.78-0.89]; I[2] = 38.0%), hospitalization due to COVID-19 (RR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.82-0.94]; I[2] = 38.7%), and death due to COVID-19 (RR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.76-0.93]; I[2] = 1.3%) than BNT162b2. Findings were generally consistent across subgroups. Evidence certainty was low or very low because sufficiently powered randomized controlled trials are impractical in this heterogeneous population.

CONCLUSION: Meta-analysis of 65 observational studies showed that vaccination with mRNA-1273 was associated with a significantly lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalization and death than BNT162b2 in patients with medical conditions at high risk of severe COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid40062993,
year = {2025},
author = {Cavarelli, M},
title = {Ghosts of the virus : unmasking the persistent threat of SARS-CoV-2 in Long COVID.},
journal = {Virologie (Montrouge, France)},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {57-68},
doi = {10.1684/vir.2025.1074},
pmid = {40062993},
issn = {1267-8694},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology/immunology ; *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Inflammation/virology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/virology ; },
abstract = {Long COVID has emerged as a debilitating condition, severely impacting the daily functioning and quality of life of affected individuals. The pathogenesis of Long COVID is complex and multifactorial, involving immune dysregulation, persistent inflammation, and potential reactivation of other pathogens. A key driver of Long COVID is the potential persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in various tissues beyond the respiratory tract, leading to the formation of viral reservoirs that contribute to ongoing symptoms, several months after initial infection. These reservoirs have been suggested in the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and other tissues, often persisting months after the initial infection. Additionally, viral RNA and proteins in these tissues are associated with chronic inflammation and immune system disruptions, which are primary contributors to Long COVID symptoms. This article explores the mechanisms and consequences of SARS-CoV-2 persistence in respiratory and non-respiratory tissues, highlighting its impact on the immune system and underscoring critical areas for future research to improve outcomes for individuals suffering from Long COVID.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/virology
*SARS-CoV-2/physiology/immunology
*Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Inflammation/virology
Gastrointestinal Tract/virology

@article {pmid40062991,
year = {2025},
author = {Cavarelli, M},
title = {[Ghosts of the virus : unmasking the persistent threat of SARS-CoV-2 in Long COVID].},
journal = {Virologie (Montrouge, France)},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {41-53},
doi = {10.1684/vir.2025.1073},
pmid = {40062991},
issn = {1267-8694},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Inflammation/virology ; },
abstract = {Long COVID has emerged as a debilitating condition, severely impacting the daily functioning and quality of life of affected individuals. The pathogenesis of Long COVID is complex and multifactorial, involving immune dysregulation, persistent inflammation, and potential reactivation of other pathogens. A key driver of Long COVID is the potential persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in various tissues beyond the respiratory tract, leading to the formation of viral reservoirs that contribute to ongoing symptoms, several months after initial infection. These reservoirs have been suggested in the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and other tissues, often persisting months after the initial infection. Additionally, viral RNA and proteins in these tissues are associated with chronic inflammation and immune system disruptions, which are primary contributors to Long COVID symptoms. This article explores the mechanisms and consequences of SARS-CoV-2 persistence in respiratory and non-respiratory tissues, highlighting its impact on the immune system and underscoring critical areas for future research to improve outcomes for individuals suffering from Long COVID.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/virology
*SARS-CoV-2/physiology
*Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Inflammation/virology

@article {pmid40062918,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhao, S and Chen, J and Dai, T and Li, G and Huang, L and Xin, J and Zhang, Y and Chen, Y and He, X and Huang, H and Yin, X and Liu, S and Guo, M and Zhang, H and Shugang, Q and Wu, M and Song, X},
title = {Harnessing Computational Strategies to Overcome Challenges in mRNA Vaccines.},
journal = {Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1152/physiol.00047.2024},
pmid = {40062918},
issn = {1548-9221},
support = {2023YFC34032000//the National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2023YfA095000//the Fund of Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Research and Development Grant of MOST/ ; 82470005//the Fund of Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Science,Key Reaearch and Development Grant of NSFC/ ; },
abstract = {In recent years, the introduction of mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV2 and RSV has highlighted the success of the mRNA technology platform. Designing mRNA sequences involves multiple components and requires balancing several parameters, including enhancing transcriptional efficiency, boosting antigenicity, and minimizing immunogenicity. Moreover, changes in the composition and properties of delivery vehicles can also affect vaccine performance. Traditional methods of experimentally testing these conditions are time-consuming, labor-intensive and costly, necessitating advanced optimization strategies. Recently, the rapid development of computational tools has significantly accelerated the optimization process for mRNA vaccines. In this review, we systematically examine computation-aided approaches for optimizing mRNA components, including coding and non-coding regions, and for improving the efficiency of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery systems by focusing on their composition, ratios, and characterization. The use of computational tools can significantly accelerate mRNA vaccine development, enabling rapid responses to emerging infectious diseases and supporting the development of precise, personalized therapies. These approaches may guide the future direction of mRNA vaccine development. Our review aims to provide integrated constructive support for computer-aided mRNA vaccine design.},
}

@article {pmid40062500,
year = {2025},
author = {Azizian, R and Mamishi, S and Jafari, E and Mohammadi, MR and Heidari Tajabadi, F and Pourakbari, B},
title = {From Conventional Detection to Point-of-care Tests (POCT) Method for Pediatric Respiratory Infections Diagnosis: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Archives of Iranian medicine},
volume = {28},
number = {2},
pages = {112-123},
doi = {10.34172/aim.33505},
pmid = {40062500},
issn = {1735-3947},
mesh = {Humans ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis/microbiology ; *Point-of-Care Testing ; Child ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; Infant ; Bacterial Infections/diagnosis ; Child, Preschool ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; },
abstract = {Bacterial respiratory infections pose significant health risks to children, particularly infants susceptible to upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated the prevalence of these infections, with pathogens such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Klebsiella species commonly implicated in pediatric cases. The critical need for accurate and timely detection of these bacterial agents has highlighted the importance of advanced diagnostic techniques, including multiplex real-time PCR, in clinical practice. Multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) offers several advantages, including rapid results, high sensitivity, and specificity. By accelerating the diagnostic process, this approach enables early intervention and targeted treatment, ultimately improving patient outcomes. In addition to PCR technologies, rapid and point-of-care testing (POCT) play a crucial role in the prompt diagnosis of bacterial respiratory infections. These tests are designed to be user-friendly, sensitive, and deliver quick results, making them particularly valuable in urgent clinical settings. POCT tests are often categorized into two main groups: those aimed at determining the cause of infection and those focused on confirming the presence of specific pathogens. By utilizing POCT, healthcare providers can make rapid and informed treatment decisions, leading to more effective management of bacterial respiratory infections in children. As the medical community continues to explore innovative diagnostic approaches, the integration of molecular and rapid testing methods offers significant promise in the realm of bacterial respiratory infections. By adopting these cutting-edge technologies, healthcare professionals can enhance their ability to accurately diagnose these infections, tailor treatment strategies, and ultimately improve patient care.},
}

Humans
*Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis/microbiology
*Point-of-Care Testing
Child
COVID-19/diagnosis
Infant
Bacterial Infections/diagnosis
Child, Preschool
SARS-CoV-2
Sensitivity and Specificity

@article {pmid40062079,
year = {2025},
author = {Banerjee, I and Robinson, J and Banerjee, I},
title = {Cardiac Complications Associated With COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {e78535},
pmid = {40062079},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {The COVID-19 global pandemic affected every human on earth, and we are still currently feeling the repercussions. The unprecedented transmission of the virus and the response as well as the mobilization of the major health authorities internationally resulted in one of the largest-scale immunization drives in modern history. As of January 16, 2025, 13.64 billion COVID-19 vaccines have been administered globally. Cardiac adverse effects, such as the development of pericarditis and or myocarditis after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, have been a major focus of study. In most systematic reviews reported globally, evidence was synthesized from case reports and case series. This systematic review aims to amalgamate the data from various cohort studies to identify the risk of the development of adverse effects after the COVID-19 vaccine. An extensive review of the literature was done on the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Trip database, and Google Scholar. All cohort studies included were completed and available between December 1, 2020 and December 31, 2024 and were based on the cardiac adverse effects from the COVID-19 vaccinations. A total of 18,272 articles were screened initially. Four studies were finally assessed regarding the cardiac side effects of the COVID-19 vaccinations and were ultimately included in the systematic review based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Immunization with an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine may directly cause cardiovascular adverse events such as the development of myocarditis or pericarditis. The likelihood of such an event occurring is minimal but is most certainly a possibility, the risks of such adverse effects are notably raised in younger males between the ages of 16 and 39 years in age receiving their second dose of an mRNA-based vaccine. It is thus advised that those individuals who fall into the above category be labeled as "higher risk" and should have increased post-vaccination surveillance and follow-up to earlier diagnose the development thereof. The benefits of the vaccine still do, however, by far outweigh the minimal risks involved and it is thus advised that immunization effort continues in earnest.},
}

@article {pmid40061909,
year = {2022},
author = {Mirza, AF and Halim, C and Sari, MI},
title = {The relationship of age, sex and prothrombin time related to the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta analysis.},
journal = {F1000Research},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {729},
pmid = {40061909},
issn = {2046-1402},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality/complications/epidemiology ; Age Factors ; Sex Factors ; *Diabetes Mellitus/mortality/epidemiology ; *Severity of Illness Index ; Female ; Male ; *Prothrombin Time ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Comorbidity ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Looking at the prevalence data in the world and in Indonesia, the highest mortality rate due to COVID-19 involves age, gender and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus. Severity of the condition also refers to coagulation abnormalities, such as abnormal prothrombin time values.

METHODS: This systematic review study and meta-analysis used online literature sourced from PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCO, Cochrane and Google Scholar. The literature used here is literature that has data on age, sex and prothrombin time of COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus whose quality is assessed by the NOS (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale) criteria and processing data using Review Manager 5.4.

RESULTS: Out of 8711 literatures that were traced from various search sources, there were 46 literatures that were included in this study. The results of the analysis on age showed the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) value of 0.45 and P <0.0001 (95% CI: 0.23-0.68), the gender analysis showed an Odds Ratio (OR) value of 3.28 and P = 0.01 (95% CI: 1.26-8.52) and the prothrombin time analysis showed SMD values of 0.41 and P = 0.07 (95%CI = -0.03-0.85).

CONCLUSION: Older and male COVID-19 patients have a higher risk of having diabetes compared to younger and female COVID-19 patients. As diabetes is a comorbidity in COVID-19, it can be concluded that old age and male sex are associated with a more severe disease.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/mortality/complications/epidemiology
Age Factors
Sex Factors
*Diabetes Mellitus/mortality/epidemiology
*Severity of Illness Index
Female
Male
*Prothrombin Time
*SARS-CoV-2
Comorbidity
Middle Aged

@article {pmid40061654,
year = {2024},
author = {Priya, SP and Rao, P and Padmanabhan, V and Chaitanya, NCSK},
title = {Principles and Therapeutics of Yajna.},
journal = {Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences},
volume = {16},
number = {Suppl 5},
pages = {S4271-S4283},
pmid = {40061654},
issn = {0976-4879},
abstract = {Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, not merely the absence of diseases or infirmity. Yajna means selfless sacrifices performed along with sacred sounds, the mantras. The procedure includes offering selected herbal and sacred materials to the fire to obtain an array of benefits such as air purification and release of therapeutic compounds (antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antidepression, and anticonvulsant) in the form of aerosol that enriches the atmosphere and soil. Microbial intrusions into the human system such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have proved their ability to hack the elements such as air, water, and earth to coerce humans' physical and mental status. Panic during COVID (coronavirus disease) pandemic did not decline despite advanced therapeutic approaches. Vaccinating the human and animals of the entire globe within a specific time may not be a practically viable approach; adopting an alternative strategy that holistically represses the viral outbreak at various levels will support the medical and government authorities. Pandemic-combatted ancestors developed traditional remedies with secret medicinal portions prescribed to perform as rituals. One of those rituals is Yajna. Yajna procedure controls microbial load at both the environmental and zoonotic levels. The purpose of this literature review is to examine the advantages of scientifically establishing a correlation between Yajna and its potential contribution to prevent pandemics like COVID. An online search explored the phytotherapeutics of Yajna and correlated with the noninvasive drug delivery.},
}

@article {pmid40061485,
year = {2025},
author = {Huo, C and Baek, J and Kim, KH},
title = {Antiviral potential of ginseng: Targeting human pathogenic viruses with compounds derived from ginseng.},
journal = {Journal of ginseng research},
volume = {49},
number = {2},
pages = {105-117},
pmid = {40061485},
issn = {1226-8453},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical need for effective antiviral therapies, as viral infections remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Natural compounds, especially those derived from plants, have been recognized for their therapeutic properties. Ginseng, in particular, has attracted considerable attention for its potential antiviral effects. This review examines the antiviral compounds from ginseng that act against various human pathogenic viruses. We systematically summarize the antiviral activities of ginseng compounds targeting a range of viruses, including human rhinovirus (HRV), influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis viruses A, B, and C (HAV, HBV, HCV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackievirus, norovirus, and SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. This review covers Panax ginseng, P. notoginseng, and P. quinquefolius, discussing their mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential. The analysis incorporates literature from February 2002 through August 2024, providing a comprehensive overview of the existing evidence on the antiviral properties of compounds derived from ginseng. This review aims to underscore the scientific basis for developing ginseng as an antiviral therapeutic agent or nutraceutical.},
}

@article {pmid40061285,
year = {2025},
author = {McCullough, PA and Hulscher, N},
title = {Risk stratification for future cardiac arrest after COVID-19 vaccination.},
journal = {World journal of cardiology},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {103909},
pmid = {40061285},
issn = {1949-8462},
abstract = {Unheralded cardiac arrest among previously healthy young people without antecedent illness, months or years after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, highlights the urgent need for risk stratification. The most likely underlying pathophysiology is subclinical myopericarditis and reentrant ventricular tachycardia or spontaneous ventricular fibrillation that is commonly precipitated after a surge in catecholamines during exercise or the waking hours of terminal sleep. Small patches of inflammation and/or edema can be missed on cardiac imaging and autopsy, and the heart can appear grossly normal. This paper reviews evidence linking COVID-19 vaccines to cardiac arrest where unfortunately the majority of victims have had no antecedent clinical evaluation. We propose a comprehensive strategy for evaluating cardiovascular risk post-vaccination, incorporating detailed patient history, antibody testing, and cardiac diagnostics in the best attempt to detect abnormalities before sudden cardiac death. This approach aims to identify individuals at higher risk of cardiac events after COVID-19 vaccination and guide appropriate clinical management. It is prudent for each primary care physician to have a pre-established plan when addressing this issue in their practice.},
}

@article {pmid40059837,
year = {2025},
author = {Nguyen, HTT and Lindahl, JF and Bett, B and Nguyen-Viet, H and Lâm, S and Nguyen-Tien, T and Unger, F and Dang-Xuan, S and Bui, TX and Le, HT and Lundkvist, Å and Ling, J and Lee, HS},
title = {Understanding zoonotic pathogens and risk factors from wildlife in Southeast Asia: a systematic literature review.},
journal = {The veterinary quarterly},
volume = {45},
number = {1},
pages = {1-17},
doi = {10.1080/01652176.2025.2475990},
pmid = {40059837},
issn = {1875-5941},
mesh = {Animals ; *Zoonoses/epidemiology ; Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology ; *Animals, Wild ; Risk Factors ; Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology/transmission/prevention & control ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the significance of the human-animal interface in the emergence of zoonotic diseases, with wildlife serving as an important source of infection. A better understanding of the specific pathogens and mechanisms involved is vital to prepare against future outbreaks, especially in Southeast Asia, a hotspot for zoonotic diseases. This paper reviews the published literature on wildlife zoonoses in this region from 2012 to 2022. The results show a diverse range of potential zoonotic pathogens and the widespread occurrence of zoonotic diseases from wildlife. Drivers of zoonotic pathogen spillover include (i) environmental factors (e.g. animal habitat disruption, environmental conditions, exposure to contaminated water/food/soil), (ii) animal factors (e.g. movement patterns, age-related susceptibility), (iii) human factors (e.g. lack of awareness, poor hygiene practices, age, gender and income) and (iv) human-animal-environmental interface factors (e.g. close contact between humans and animals, exposure through visiting animals and presence of vectors). The diverse drivers of zoonoses in Southeast Asia put its communities at risk for infection. To mitigate these risks, global health efforts should consider adopting a One Health approach to foster collaboration across human, animal, and wildlife health sectors. This could involve educating communities on safe animal interactions and improving disease surveillance.},
}

Animals
*Zoonoses/epidemiology
Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology
*Animals, Wild
Risk Factors
Humans
COVID-19/epidemiology/transmission/prevention & control

@article {pmid40059542,
year = {2025},
author = {Festa, LK and Jordan-Sciutto, KL and Grinspan, JB},
title = {Neuroinflammation: An Oligodendrocentric View.},
journal = {Glia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/glia.70007},
pmid = {40059542},
issn = {1098-1136},
support = {R01 MH098742/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; R01 MH126773/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; R21 MH18121/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; TA-2204-39435//National Multiple Sclerosis Society/ ; },
abstract = {Chronic neuroinflammation, driven by central nervous system (CNS)-resident astrocytes and microglia, as well as infiltration of the peripheral immune system, is an important pathologic mechanism across a range of neurologic diseases. For decades, research focused almost exclusively on how neuroinflammation impacted neuronal function; however, there is accumulating evidence that injury to the oligodendrocyte lineage is an important component for both pathologic and clinical outcomes. While oligodendrocytes are able to undergo an endogenous repair process known as remyelination, this process becomes inefficient and usually fails in the presence of sustained inflammation. The present review focuses on our current knowledge regarding activation of the innate and adaptive immune systems in the chronic demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis, and provides evidence that sustained neuroinflammation in other neurologic conditions, such as perinatal white matter injury, traumatic brain injury, and viral infections, converges on oligodendrocyte injury. Lastly, the therapeutic potential of targeting the impact of inflammation on the oligodendrocyte lineage in these diseases is discussed.},
}

@article {pmid40059172,
year = {2025},
author = {Antonio, E and Pulik, N and Ibrahim, SK and Adenipekun, A and Levanita, S and Foster, I and Chepkirui, D and Harriss, E and Sigfrid, L and Norton, A},
title = {Research prioritisation in preparedness for and response to outbreaks of high-consequence pathogens: a scoping review.},
journal = {BMC medicine},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {147},
pmid = {40059172},
issn = {1741-7015},
support = {226543/Z/22/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; 226543/Z/22/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; 226543/Z/22/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; CSA2022GloPID-R-3387//European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership/ ; CSA2022GloPID-R-3387//European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership/ ; CSA2022GloPID-R-3387//European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership/ ; CSA2022GloPID-R-3387//European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership/ ; 10061268//UK Research and Innovation/ ; 10061268//UK Research and Innovation/ ; 10061268//UK Research and Innovation/ ; 10061268//UK Research and Innovation/ ; 10061268//UK Research and Innovation/ ; 10061268//UK Research and Innovation/ ; 10061268//UK Research and Innovation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Health Priorities ; Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/prevention & control ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Priority setting for research on epidemic/pandemic-prone pathogens is essential for the allocation of limited resources to optimise impact. It involves the identification of gaps in knowledge crucial to effective preparedness and response to outbreaks. This review maps priority-setting exercises, reviews their approaches to research prioritisation and describes associated monitoring and evaluation processes for research priorities on high-consequence pathogens.

METHODS: Using search terms associated with high-consequence pathogens, as defined by the WHO (2020), EMERGE (2019), European CDC (2022) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (2021), and research prioritisation, we searched WHO Global Index Medicus; Ovid Medline; Ovid Embase; Ovid Global Health; and Scopus. Grey literature sources were Google Scholar and the WHO websites, complemented by recommendations from stakeholder consultation. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and full-texts including documents describing research prioritisation activities. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis.

RESULTS: We identified 125 publications presenting priority setting activities on 17 high-consequence pathogens published between 1975 and 2022. Most (62%) were related to SARS-CoV-2, 5.6% to Ebola virus and 5% to Zika virus. Three different broad approaches to setting priorities were identified, most (53%) involved external consultations with experts. Few (6%) indicated plans to monitor progress against set priorities.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the diversity in research prioritisation practice in the context of high-consequence pathogens and a limited application of the existing standards in health research prioritisation. An increased uptake of these standards and harmonisation of practice may improve quality and confidence and ultimately improve alignment of funded research with the resulting priorities.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
*Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics/prevention & control
Health Priorities
Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology/prevention & control
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/prevention & control

@article {pmid40059164,
year = {2025},
author = {Bar-Tana, J},
title = {mTORC1 syndrome (TorS): unifying paradigm for PASC, ME/CFS and PAIS.},
journal = {Journal of translational medicine},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {297},
pmid = {40059164},
issn = {1479-5876},
mesh = {Humans ; *Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/metabolism ; *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; *Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/physiopathology/virology ; *COVID-19/virology/physiopathology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Syndrome ; Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology ; },
abstract = {Post-acute SarS-Cov2 (PASC), Myalgia encephalomyelitis/Chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and Post-acute infection syndrome (PAIS) consist of chronic post-acute infectious syndromes, sharing exhaustive fatigue, post exertional malaise, intermittent pain, postural tachycardia and neuro-cognitive-psychiatric dysfunction. However, the concerned shared pathophysiology is still unresolved in terms of upstream drivers and transducers. Also, risk factors which may determine vulnerability/progression to the chronic phase still remain to be defined. In lack of drivers and a cohesive pathophysiology, the concerned syndromes still remain unmet therapeutic needs. 'mTORC1 Syndrome' (TorS) implies an exhaustive disease entity driven by sustained hyper-activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin C1 (mTORC1), and resulting in a variety of disease aspects of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, some cancers, neurodegeneration and other [Bar-Tana in Trends Endocrinol Metab 34:135-145, 2023]. TorS may offer a cohesive insight of PASC, ME/CFS and PAIS drivers, pathophysiology, vulnerability and treatment options.},
}

Humans
*Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/metabolism
*Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
*Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/physiopathology/virology
*COVID-19/virology/physiopathology
SARS-CoV-2
Syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology

@article {pmid40058398,
year = {2025},
author = {Gauna, F and Raude, J and Khouri, C and Cracowski, JL and Ward, JK},
title = {Exploring the relationship between experience of vaccine adverse events and vaccine hesitancy: A scoping review.},
journal = {Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {2471225},
doi = {10.1080/21645515.2025.2471225},
pmid = {40058398},
issn = {2164-554X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/administration & dosage ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; Vaccination/adverse effects/psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology/psychology ; },
abstract = {Fear of side effects is the main motive for vaccine refusal. However, before the COVID-19 pandemic, little attention had been paid to the actual experience of adverse events and its relationship with vaccine hesitancy. This scoping review aimed to analyze the impact of VH on EAE and vice versa. We reviewed 55 articles. Most of the studies focused on COVID-19 vaccination and employed cross-sectional surveys with self-reported indicators. These studies identified significant correlations between EAE and VH. Social cognitive models shed some light on the influence of EAE on VH, while the converse is usually explained by the nocebo effect that predominately accounts for the converse. This emerging research field is hampered by significant inconsistencies in theoretical explanations, assessments of the relationship, and measurements of these two phenomena. A more comprehensive consideration of individual experience, both objective and subjective, would help develop more effective vaccine communication strategies and improve pharmacological surveillance.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/administration & dosage
*Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology/statistics & numerical data
*COVID-19/prevention & control
Vaccination/adverse effects/psychology
Cross-Sectional Studies
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology/psychology

@article {pmid40058339,
year = {2025},
author = {Micheletto, C and Aliberti, S and Andreoni, M and Blasi, F and Di Marco, F and Di Matteo, R and Gabutti, G and Harari, S and Gentile, I and Parrella, R and Siliquini, R and Sticchi, L and , and , and , and , and , },
title = {Vaccination strategies in respiratory diseases: recommendation from AIPO-ITS/ETS, SIMIT, SIP/IRS and SItI.},
journal = {Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-28},
doi = {10.1159/000544919},
pmid = {40058339},
issn = {1423-0356},
abstract = {Chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchiectasis, are significant global health concerns associated with recurrent exacerbations, hospitalization, and increased mortality. Preventive strategies, particularly vaccination, play a crucial role in managing these diseases by reducing infection-related exacerbations and stabilizing lung function. This review summarizes the recommendations provided by four major Italian scientific societies on vaccination against key respiratory pathogens, including respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, SARS-CoV-2, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and varicella-zoster virus (VZR), which pose serious risks to individuals with chronic respiratory conditions. Evidence supporting the role of vaccines in minimizing exacerbations and improving patient outcomes in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchiectasis is highlighted, alongside recent advancements in vaccine technology and recommendations for high-risk populations. This expert-led, multidisciplinary approach underlines the necessity of targeted immunization strategies to mitigate complications, lower healthcare costs, and enhance the quality of life for patients with respiratory diseases. By collecting the latest evidence-based recommendations, this article aims to guide healthcare providers in adopting optimal vaccination strategies for respiratory disease management and contribute to the broader public health effort to reduce the burden of respiratory infections.},
}

@article {pmid40057783,
year = {2025},
author = {Feyzbabaie, M and Rajai, N and Alizadeh, A and Azizi, M},
title = {Psychological distress among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a hybrid concept analysis.},
journal = {BMC psychology},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {218},
pmid = {40057783},
issn = {2050-7283},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Students, Nursing/psychology ; *Psychological Distress ; Female ; Male ; Qualitative Research ; Adult ; Stress, Psychological/psychology/epidemiology ; Young Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the concept of psychological distress among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding its dimensions and characteristics of this phenomenon can enhance preparedness for future pandemics. Psychological distress has emerged as a significant mental health concern during the pandemic, with nursing students experiencing high levels of psychological distress caused by substantial disruptions in their educational environment.

METHOD: This study employed the Schwartz-Barcott and Kim's hybrid concept analysis model, integrating a systematic literature review with qualitative research to examine psychological distress among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The literature review included a comprehensive search across multiple databases, resulting in the identification of 60 relevant articles for data extraction. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were carried out with nursing students from the Army Nursing Faculty, and the data were analyzed which were analyzed using a directed content analysis approach. The findings from both phases were synthesized to provide a comprehensive definition of psychological distress in nursing students during the pandemic.

RESULTS: Psychological distress among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic was analyzed through three key dimensions: antecedents, characteristics, and consequences. Antecedents included factors such as personality traits, demographic factors, social influences, and health-related conditions, with demographics standing out as particularly impactful. The characteristics of distress were categorized into emotional-psychological, cognitive, and physical symptoms, with sleep disturbances being especially prominent. The consequences encompassed both negative outcomes-like academic setbacks, social withdrawal, and physical health problems-and positive outcomes, such as post-traumatic growth, improved coping skills, and professional advancement. The findings offer a thorough understanding of the multifaceted nature of psychological distress and its effects on nursing students.

CONCLUSION: The findings of this study explore the antecedents, characteristics, and consequences of students' psychological distress, providing essential insights for health policymakers and educational planners during similar pandemics. This data can inform the development, planning, and implementation of treatment and training systems designed to prevent such conditions in future pandemics. In essence, by identifying and addressing the underlying factors or antecedents of this distress, its occurrence in future pandemics could be effectively reduced.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology
*Students, Nursing/psychology
*Psychological Distress
Female
Male
Qualitative Research
Adult
Stress, Psychological/psychology/epidemiology
Young Adult
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics

@article {pmid40056892,
year = {2025},
author = {Peconi, C and Martini, E and Sarti, D and Prospero, E},
title = {Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare-associated infections and multidrug-resistant microorganisms in Italy: A systematic review.},
journal = {Journal of infection and public health},
volume = {18},
number = {5},
pages = {102729},
doi = {10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102729},
pmid = {40056892},
issn = {1876-035X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The diffused and prolonged SARS-CoV-2 transmission lead to high levels of hospitalization. During this period, the focus of sanitary structures was to contain COVID-19 mortality and this may have reduced the application of health associated infection (HAI) and multidrug resistant microorganism (MDRO) prevention programs.

METHODS: A search was performed in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases to identify clinical observational studies that reported the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence or incidence on HAIs and/or MDROs from December 2019 to August 2024 in Italy. Studies were included if they reported a comparison with pre-pandemic period and had a full-text available. Eligible studies were assessed for risk of bias and quality with NHI Quality Assessment Tool by two researchers independently. Data were represented in tables and a narrative synthesis was made in the text.

RESULTS: Selected studies included 4 studies reporting data on HAI (1497 total patients) and 11 studies reporting data on MDRO (80388 total patients). The majority of the studies reported an increase in HAI prevalence (9-11.1 % range) and MDRO, in particular, gram negative MDRO had an increase range of 0.8 %-45.6 % and gram positive MDRO an increase range of 0.5 %-81.8 % from pre- to post-COVID-19 period in the different studies considered CONCLUSION: These findings underscore the critical need for active surveillance in hospital wards, the implementation of antibiotic stewardship and prescribing programs to mitigate the impact of such crises on healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, permanent training of healthcare personnel is necessary.},
}

@article {pmid40056829,
year = {2025},
author = {Dhawan, M and Thakur, N and Sharma, M and Rabaan, AA},
title = {The comprehensive insights into the B-cells-mediated immune response against COVID-19 infection amid the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie},
volume = {185},
number = {},
pages = {117936},
doi = {10.1016/j.biopha.2025.117936},
pmid = {40056829},
issn = {1950-6007},
abstract = {The antibody-mediated immune response is crucial for the development of protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system is critical because new variants emerge as a result of the virus's ongoing evolution. Understanding the function of B cells in the SARS-CoV-2 infection process is critical for developing effective and long-lasting vaccines against this virus. Triggered by the innate immune response, B cells transform into memory B cells (MBCs). It is fascinating to observe how MBCs provide enduring immune defence, not only eradicating the infection but also safeguarding against future reinfection. If there is a lack of B cell activation or if the B cells are not functioning properly, it can lead to a serious manifestation of the disease and make immunisation less effective. Individuals with disruptions in the B cells have shown increased production of cytokines and chemokines, resulting in a poor prognosis for the disease. Therefore, we have developed an updated review article to gain insight into the involvement of B cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The discussion has covered the generation, functioning, and dynamics of neutralising antibodies (nAbs). Furthermore, we have emphasised immunotherapeutics that rely on nAbs.},
}

@article {pmid40056270,
year = {2025},
author = {Basile, C},
title = {Systemic capillary leak syndrome: a nosological entity that the nephrologist must be aware of.},
journal = {Journal of nephrology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40056270},
issn = {1724-6059},
abstract = {Capillary leak syndrome occurs when plasma leaks out of capillaries into muscles, tissues, organs and body cavities. There are two major types of capillary leak syndrome: 1. secondary capillary leak syndrome: it is a single episode triggered by another disease, condition or drug; 2. idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome: it is a rare disease characterized by recurrent episodes of acute life-threatening episodes of shock, hemoconcentration, and hypoalbuminemia. An increase in capillary permeability results in reversible plasma movement into the interstitial spaces followed by the appearance of related symptoms or complications, including acute kidney injury. Cytokines are likely to be important in the pathophysiology of systemic capillary leak syndrome. Fluid management is a critical part of the treatment of systemic capillary leak syndrome: hypovolemia and hypotension can cause organ injury, whereas capillary leakage of administered fluid can worsen organ edema leading to progressive organ injury.Although systemic capillary leak syndrome is a rare entity, it can be life-threatening. The nephrologist must be aware of the potential and serious complications linked to this pathology, including the need for kidney replacement therapy. This review aims to increase awareness of systemic capillary leak syndrome in the nephrology community.},
}

@article {pmid40056149,
year = {2025},
author = {Shah, RR},
title = {Challenges, opportunities and therapeutic potential of JAK inhibitors and their derived PROTACs (2022 - 2023).},
journal = {Expert opinion on therapeutic patents},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/13543776.2025.2477486},
pmid = {40056149},
issn = {1744-7674},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Since the approval of the first JAK inhibitor, ruxolitinib, in 2011, the development of JAK inhibitors has expanded significantly, with applications spanning autoimmune diseases, cancer, and inflammatory disorders. This review explores the challenges and therapeutic potential of JAK inhibitors and their evolution into proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), which offer novel avenues for selective JAK modulation.

AREAS COVERED: This review examines recent advancements in JAK inhibitors, including their mechanism of action, structure activity relationships, clinical applications, and emerging safety concerns. Additionally, PROTAC-based strategies targeting JAK proteins are discussed, highlighting their potential advantages over traditional small-molecule inhibitors. A comprehensive patent literature search was conducted, focusing on publications and patents from 2022 to 2023. Key selection criteria included small-molecule JAK inhibitors and JAK-targeting PROTACs with associated preclinical data.

EXPERT OPINION: While JAK inhibitors have transformed the treatment of various diseases, safety concerns, including risks of venous thromboembolism and herpes zoster, pose challenges to their widespread use. The advent of JAK-targeting PROTACs represents a promising strategy to enhance selectivity and mitigate off-target effects. However, further research is needed to optimize their therapeutic potential and establish their clinical viability.},
}

@article {pmid40055942,
year = {2025},
author = {Kahal, F and Al Darra, A and Torbey, A},
title = {Computer vision syndrome: a comprehensive literature review.},
journal = {Future science OA},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {2476923},
doi = {10.1080/20565623.2025.2476923},
pmid = {40055942},
issn = {2056-5623},
abstract = {Computer Vision Syndrome is a growing health concern in the digital age, with a reported prevalence of 69.0%. It is caused by screen-related, environmental, ergonomic, and physiological factors, affecting diverse demographics. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly amplified CVS due to increased screen time for remote work, online learning, and social media use, with studies reporting symptoms in up to 74% of individuals. Unique visual challenges from digital screens, including reduced clarity and glare, exacerbate symptoms like dry eyes and discomfort, especially in those with uncorrected vision. Understanding CVS is crucial for mitigating its impact through effective prevention and management strategies. This study explores the causes, diagnosis, management, and prevention strategies of CVS by synthesizing recent findings from optometry, occupational health, digital health, and ergonomics. It also highlights emerging trends such as AI, wearables, and augmented reality while providing practical management strategies. A narrative review of literature from 2014 to 2024 was conducted, focusing on PubMed-indexed, peer-reviewed articles, including meta-analyses and systematic reviews, with priority given to recent, highly cited studies.},
}

@article {pmid40055630,
year = {2025},
author = {de Souza, AMLB and de Araújo, EF and Junior, NC and Raimundo, ACS and Pereira, AC and de Castro Meneghim, M},
title = {Association between SARS-CoV-2 and stroke: perspectives from a metaumbrella-review.},
journal = {BMC neurology},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {97},
pmid = {40055630},
issn = {1471-2377},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; *Stroke/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Factors ; Comorbidity ; Ischemic Stroke/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {In the face of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the need arose to investigate potential complications associated with SARS-CoV-2, including the risk of stroke.ObjectiveThis study aimed to verify the association between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the risk of stroke on the basis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to assess the inclusion of the virus as a new risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases.MethodsA metaumbrella study was conducted, which included 34 systematic reviews, of which 4 were selected for the final analysis on the basis of methodological quality and consistency. The analysis aggregated the results of 70 primary studies, considering different stroke subtypes and outcomes associated with COVID-19. Study heterogeneity was assessed via the I[2] index, and significance bias was verified via Egger's test.ResultsCOVID-19 severity was significantly associated with an increased risk of stroke (eOR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.55-3.95), particularly ischemic stroke (eOR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.11-2.80) and hemorrhagic stroke (eOR = 3.86; 95% CI: 1.79-8.33). Additionally, patients with cerebrovascular comorbidities had higher mortality (eOR = 2.48; 95% CI: 2.48-19.63), as did those who had previously suffered a stroke (eOR = 6.08; 95% CI: 3.73-9.91).ConclusionThe association between SARS-CoV-2 and stroke incidence was consistent and significant, suggesting that COVID-19 should be considered a new risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases. However, the high heterogeneity among the studies analyzed reinforces the need for further research to consolidate this relationship.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/complications
*Stroke/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2
Risk Factors
Comorbidity
Ischemic Stroke/epidemiology

@article {pmid40055181,
year = {2025},
author = {Gillani, MKUH and Sajid, MK},
title = {The Need for a Multidimensional Approach to Mortality Prediction in COVID-19: A Critical Review of Recent Findings.},
journal = {Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {394-395},
doi = {10.29271/jcpsp.2025.03.394},
pmid = {40055181},
issn = {1681-7168},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {Null.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/mortality
*SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics

@article {pmid40055107,
year = {2025},
author = {Alsoubani, M and Chow, J},
title = {Navigating Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Immunocompromised Populations: Evolving Risk Factors, Treatment, and Outcomes.},
journal = {Infectious disease clinics of North America},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.005},
pmid = {40055107},
issn = {1557-9824},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately impacted immunocompromised hosts, leading to higher morbidity and mortality. The clinical outcomes have varied based on the degree of immunosuppression, treatment availability, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants, and vaccination status. This review discusses the evolving epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and prevention strategies for COVID-19 in immunocompromised populations, including patients living with human immunodeficiency virus, solid organ transplant, and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.},
}

@article {pmid40054170,
year = {2025},
author = {Aalam, J and Ahmad Shah, SN and Parveen, R},
title = {An extensive review on infectious disease diagnosis using machine learning techniques and next generation sequencing: State-of-the-art and perspectives.},
journal = {Computers in biology and medicine},
volume = {189},
number = {},
pages = {109962},
doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.109962},
pmid = {40054170},
issn = {1879-0534},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Infectious diseases, including tuberculosis (TB), HIV/AIDS, and emerging pathogens like COVID-19 pose severe global health challenges due to their rapid spread and significant morbidity and mortality rates. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and machine learning (ML) have emerged as transformative technologies for enhancing disease diagnosis and management.

OBJECTIVE: This review aims to explore integrating ML techniques with NGS for diagnosing infectious diseases, highlighting their effectiveness and identifying existing challenges.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature review spanning the past decade was conducted using reputable databases, including IEEE Xplore, PubMed, Scopus, SpringerLink, and Science Direct. Research papers, articles, and conference proceedings meeting stringent quality criteria were analysed to assess the performance of ML algorithms applied to NGS and metagenomic NGS (mNGS) data.

RESULTS: The findings reveal that ML algorithms, such as deep neural networks (DNNs), support vector machines (SVM), and K-nearest neighbours (KNN), achieve high accuracy rates, often exceeding 95 %, in diagnosing infectious diseases. Deep learning methods excel in genomic and metagenomic data analysis, while traditional algorithms like Gaussian mixture models (GMM) also demonstrate robust classification capabilities. Challenges include reliance on single data types and difficulty distinguishing closely related pathogens.

CONCLUSION: The integration of ML and NGS significantly advances infectious disease diagnosis, offering rapid and precise detection capabilities. Addressing current limitations can further enhance the effectiveness of these technologies, ultimately improving global public health outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid40053793,
year = {2025},
author = {Yew, SQ and Trivedi, D and Adanan, NIH and Chew, BH},
title = {Facilitators and Barriers to the Implementation of Digital Health Technologies in Hospital Settings in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries Since the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review.},
journal = {Journal of medical Internet research},
volume = {27},
number = {},
pages = {e63482},
doi = {10.2196/63482},
pmid = {40053793},
issn = {1438-8871},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Humans ; *Developing Countries ; *Telemedicine/statistics & numerical data ; *Pandemics ; Hospitals/statistics & numerical data ; Digital Technology ; Biomedical Technology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Digital Health ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although the implementation process of digital health technologies (DHTs) has been extensively documented in high-income countries, the factors that facilitate and prevent their implementation in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) may differ for various reasons.

OBJECTIVE: To address this gap in research, this scoping review aims to determine the facilitators and barriers to implementing DHTs in LMIC hospital settings following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the review outlined the types of DHTs that have been implemented in LMICs' hospitals during this pandemic and finally developed a classification framework to categorize the landscape of DHTs.

METHODS: Systematic searches were conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published from March 2020 to December 2023. We extracted data on authors, publication years, study objectives, study countries, disease conditions, types of DHTs, fields of clinical medicine where the DHTs are applied, study designs, sample sizes, characteristics of the study population, study location, and data collection methods of the included studies. Both quantitative and qualitative data were utilized to conduct a thematic analysis, using a deductive method based on the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM), to identify facilitators and barriers to DHT implementation. Finally, all accessible DHTs were identified and organized to create a novel classification framework.

RESULTS: Twelve studies were included from 292 retrieved articles. Telemedicine (n=5) was the most commonly used DHT in LMICs' hospitals, followed by hospital information systems (n=4), electronic medical records (n=2), and mobile health (n=1). These 4 DHTs, among the other existing DHTs, allowed us to develop a novel classification framework for DHTs. The included studies used qualitative methods (n=4), which included interviews and focus groups, quantitative methods (n=5), or a combination of both (n=2). Among the 64 facilitators of DHT implementation, the availability of continuous on-the-job training (n=3), the ability of DHTs to prevent cross-infection (n=2), and positive previous experiences using DHTs (n=2) were the top 3 reported facilitators. However, of the 44 barriers to DHT implementation, patients with poor digital literacy and skills in DHTs (n=3), inadequate awareness regarding DHTs among health care professionals and stakeholders (n=2), and concerns regarding the accuracy of disease diagnosis and treatment through DHTs (n=2) were commonly reported.

CONCLUSIONS: In the postpandemic era, telemedicine, along with other DHTs, has seen increased implementation in hospitals within LMICs. All facilitators and barriers can be categorized into 6 themes, namely, (1) Aspects of the Health Care System; (2) Perspectives of Patients; (3) External Environment; (4) Implementation of Sustainable Infrastructure; (5) Characteristics of Health Care Organization; and (6) Characteristics of Patients.},
}

*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
Humans
*Developing Countries
*Telemedicine/statistics & numerical data
*Pandemics
Hospitals/statistics & numerical data
Digital Technology
Biomedical Technology
SARS-CoV-2
Digital Health

@article {pmid40053716,
year = {2025},
author = {Valdes, D and Shanker, A and Hijazi, G and Mensah, DO and Bockarie, T and Lazar, I and Ibrahim, SA and Zolfagharinia, H and Procter, R and Spencer, R and Dale, J and Paule, A and Medlin, LJ and Tharuvara Kallottil, K},
title = {Global Evidence on the Sustainability of Telemedicine in Outpatient and Primary Care During the First 2 Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review Using the Nonadoption, Abandonment, Scale-Up, Spread, and Sustainability (NASSS) Framework.},
journal = {Interactive journal of medical research},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {e45367},
doi = {10.2196/45367},
pmid = {40053716},
issn = {1929-073X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The rapid implementation of telemedicine during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic raises questions about the sustainability of this intervention at the global level.

OBJECTIVE: This research examines the patient experience, health inequalities, and clinician-patient relationship in telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic's first 2 years, aiming to identify sustainability factors.

METHODS: This study was based on a prepublished protocol using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. We included academic and gray literature published between March 2020 and March 2022 according to these criteria: (1) population (any group); (2) concepts (patient experience, clinician-patient relationship, health inequalities); (3) context (telemedicine in primary and outpatient care); (4) excluding studies pertaining to surgery, oncology, and (inpatient) psychiatry. We searched Ovid Medline/PubMed (January 1, 2022), Web of Science (March 19, 2022), Google/Google Scholar (February and March 2022), and others. The risk of bias was not assessed as per guidance. We used an analysis table for the studies and color-coded tabular mapping against a health care technology adoption framework to identify sustainability (using double-blind extraction).

RESULTS: Of the 134 studies that met our criteria, 49.3% (66/134) reported no specific population group. Regarding the concepts, 41.8% (56/134) combined 2 of the concepts studied. The context analysis identified that 56.0% (75/134) of the studies referred to, according to the definition in the United Kingdom, an outpatient (ambulatory care) setting, and 34.3% (46/134) referred to primary care. The patient experience analysis reflected positive satisfaction and sustained access during lockdowns. The clinician-patient relationship impacts were nuanced, affecting interaction and encounter quality. When mapping to the nonadoption, abandonment, scale-up, spread, and sustainability (NASSS) framework, 81.3% (109/134) of the studies referenced the innovation's sustainability. Although positive overall, there were some concerns about sustainability based on quality, eHealth literacy, and access to health care for vulnerable migrants and the uninsured.

CONCLUSIONS: We identified confusion between the concepts of patient experience and patient satisfaction; therefore, future research could focus on established frameworks to qualify the patient experience across the whole pathway and not just the remote encounter. As expected, our research found mainly descriptive analyses, so there is a need for more robust evidence methods identifying impacts of changes in treatment pathways. This study illustrates modern methods to decolonize academic research by using gray literature extracts in other languages. We acknowledge that the use of Google to identify gray literature at the global level and in other languages has implications on reproducibility. We did not consider synchronous text-based communication.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework 4z5ut; https://osf.io/4z5ut/.},
}

@article {pmid40052869,
year = {2025},
author = {Hutzler, LH and Roof, M and Bosco, JA and Lajam, C},
title = {Measuring Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: A Primer of Existing Metrics.},
journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons},
volume = {33},
number = {6},
pages = {301-306},
doi = {10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-00467},
pmid = {40052869},
issn = {1940-5480},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Health Equity ; *Cultural Diversity ; Healthcare Disparities ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Orthopedics/organization & administration ; Social Inclusion ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {Health equity is the fair and just opportunity for every individual to achieve their full potential in all aspects of health and well being. The combination of the COVID-19 pandemic and increased awareness of social injustice shed critical light on health inequities. DEI efforts in health care directly affect patient outcomes and quality of life. By creating and implementing high-quality DEI programs, our orthopedic surgery practices and organizations can help ameliorate healthcare inequities and deliver inclusive, person-centered, and culturally competent patient care. Substantial variability in definition, data collection, methodology, and goals exist between organizations that measure health equity. DEI metrics and targets will be used to measure quality, but reliance on data acquired through patient questionnaires or through their interaction with technology may exclude the most at-risk populations. The purpose of this review is to outline the various organizations involved in evaluating DEI metrics so that orthopaedic teams can better measure and more effectively report the effect of DEI efforts on patient outcomes.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Health Equity
*Cultural Diversity
Healthcare Disparities
SARS-CoV-2
Orthopedics/organization & administration
Social Inclusion
Pandemics

@article {pmid40051665,
year = {2025},
author = {Sakellaropoulos, SG and Sakellaropoulos, PG and Steinberg, BS and Rogers, C and Ismael, O and Scholl, EW and Mohammed, M and Mitsis, A and Patrinou, NG},
title = {Five Years of Long COVID Syndrome: An Updated Review on Cardiometabolic and Psychiatric Aspects.},
journal = {Cardiology research},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {81-85},
pmid = {40051665},
issn = {1923-2829},
abstract = {Five years after the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is still a significant number of people who have survived COVID-19 but never fully recovered from the disease. They go through an odyssey of doctor visits and a multitude of diagnostic tests, which ultimately do not provide concrete correlations and answers to the question of how exactly long COVID (LC) affects both physical and mental health, and performance. Often, not even highly technical and highly specialized methods, such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can provide further explanation. Various research efforts continue to investigate the causes, effects and possible treatments of LC, particularly its impact on cognition and mental health. Patients with LC may experience persistent symptoms, but new symptoms also occur. Based on available studies, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) does not only affect the pulmonary system, but nearly every major system and organ, from the brain and heart to the kidneys and immune system. What mechanisms could explain the persistent symptoms of LC and the inadequate recovery? How valuable is an early internal and neurological examination, particularly in the context of psychotherapy? In this review, we examined which factors could contribute to the persistence of LC symptoms and to what extent mitochondrial impairment by LC can explain the symptoms of LC.},
}

@article {pmid40051614,
year = {2025},
author = {Yao, JH and Ortega, EF and Panda, A},
title = {Impact of zinc on immunometabolism and its putative role on respiratory diseases.},
journal = {Immunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey)},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {e00057},
pmid = {40051614},
issn = {2633-0407},
abstract = {Zinc is the second most abundant trace mineral in the human body and plays a critical role in immune cell function and metabolism. Zinc deficiency impairs immune cell function and is associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory diseases, including pneumonia, influenza, and COVID-19. Zinc homeostasis, maintained by numerous zinc transporters and metal-binding proteins (ie, metallothionein), is essential for coordinating immune cell signaling, gene expression, and enzymatic activities in response to respiratory infections. This article highlights the emerging role of zinc in various aspects of immune function, particularly through its influence on cellular metabolism. Given the significant global burden of respiratory diseases, there is a need to identify effective nutritional interventions that could be readily leveraged to prevent and/or mitigate respiratory disease risk, particularly in older adults who are prone to zinc deficiency. However, the immunometabolic mechanisms underlying zinc's protective effects remain poorly characterized. Future research should focus on elucidating how micronutrients, such as zinc, can support changes in immune cell metabolism in response to infections. Such efforts will help determine how zinc metabolism and zinc intervention strategies may best be leveraged to prevent or mitigate respiratory disease.},
}

@article {pmid40051516,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, H and Meng, Z and Luo, J},
title = {Is forest bathing a panacea for mental health problems? A narrative review.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1454992},
pmid = {40051516},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; *Mental Health ; *Forests ; Anxiety ; Depression/prevention & control ; China ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The fast pace of modem life brings great pressure, which lead to physical and mental health issues. Researches have demonstrated that forest bathing can considerably alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety, eliminate negative emotions and promote mental wellbeing. We presented evidences of the positive impact of forest bathing on mental health in the context rapid urbanization and surging health needs in the post-pandemic era, and outlined the current insights into the related factors affecting the effect of forest bathing, as to provide directions for future interventions or research.

METHOD: The electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science Core Collections and the China Academic Journals (CAJ) offered through the Full-text Database (CNKI) were searched for relevant studies published from the inception of the databases to December 2024. The initial search strategy was performed using keywords, MeSH terms, and free text words such as "forest bathing", "forest medicine", "mental health pressure", "anxiety", "depression", "cortisol", etc.

RESULTS: The synthesis of the findings in the included studies revealed that forest bathing interventions might improve mental and physical health, reduce blood pressure, improve sleep quality and boost immunity, as well as alleviate depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, the effect of forest bathing on mental health indicators and the differences in these results among different populations varied. Forest environment, tree species, exposure duration, season, composition and concentration of volatile organic compounds have an impact on the effect of forest bathing.

CONCLUSIONS: Forest bathing were effective in lowering cortisol levels, reducing sympathetic nerve activity, as well as improving negative mood, which could serve as a non-pharmacological treatment for mental health in the general population.},
}

Humans
*Mental Health
*Forests
Anxiety
Depression/prevention & control
China
COVID-19/prevention & control

@article {pmid40051500,
year = {2025},
author = {Makhoba, XH},
title = {Two sides of the same coin: heat shock proteins as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for some complex diseases.},
journal = {Frontiers in molecular biosciences},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1491227},
pmid = {40051500},
issn = {2296-889X},
abstract = {Heat shock proteins are molecular chaperones that play crucial roles in the folding and unfolding of complex polypeptides within the cellular system. These molecules are involved in various processes, including vesicular transport, prevention of protein aggregation in the cytosol, and cell signaling. They are also linked to autoimmunity, infection immunity, and tumor immunology. Stressors like heat shock, exposure to heavy metals, cytokines, reactive oxygen species, inflammation, and viruses can influence the production of these molecules. In complex diseases such as cancer, malaria, and COVID-19, heat shock proteins are considered both biomarkers and drug targets. The upregulation of small heat shock proteins like hsp27 and major heat shock proteins 70/90 has been recognized as crucial biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer. Additionally, it has been reported that the invasion of Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of malaria, leads to the upregulation of heat shock proteins such as hsp40, hsp70, and hsp90. This sudden increase is a protective mechanism from the human host and enhances the parasite's growth, making these proteins significant as biomarkers and malarial drug targets. The presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the human cellular system correlates with a substantial increase in heat shock protein 70 production from host cells. Furthermore, our research group has demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 hijacks the host's heat shock proteins, and we are currently developing tools to prevent the virus from utilizing the host's protein folding system. This review aims to highlight the role of heat shock proteins as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for selected refractory diseases, focusing on cancer, malaria, and COVID-19. A fundamental molecular docking study was performed to investigate the interaction between a non-structural complex from SARS-CoV-2 and chosen small molecules, which is emphasized in this review.},
}

@article {pmid40051465,
year = {2025},
author = {He, M and Liu, Y and Guan, Z and Li, C and Zhang, Z},
title = {Neuroimaging insights into lung disease-related brain changes: from structure to function.},
journal = {Frontiers in aging neuroscience},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1550319},
pmid = {40051465},
issn = {1663-4365},
abstract = {Lung diseases induce changes in brain structure and function, leading to a range of cognitive, emotional, and motor deficits. The concept of the lung-brain axis has been proposed through neuroanatomy, endocrine, and immune pathway, while a considerable number of studies also explored the existence of the lung-brain axis from a neuroimaging perspective. This survey summarizes studies exploring the relationship between lung disease and brain structure and function from neuroimaging perspective, particular in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We have collated existing lung diseases studies and categorized them into four types: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), lung cancer and other lung diseases. The observed structural and functional changes in the brain and cognitive dysfunction induced by lung diseases are discussed. We also present distinct pattern of brain changes in various lung diseases. Neuroimaging changes in COPD are concentrated in the frontal lobes, including gray matter atrophy, white matter damage, and reduced perfusion. Patients with COVID-19 exhibit extensive microhemorrhages and neuroinflammation, brain regions functionally connected to the primary olfactory cortex show greater changes. For lung cancer patients, brain changes are mainly attributed to the neurotoxicity of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, with damage concentrated in subcortical structures, patients with cancer pain demonstrate hyperconnectivity in motor and visual networks. The survey also discusses the pathological mechanisms revealed in neuroimaging studies and clinical significance of current studies. Finally, we analyzed current limitations, mainly in terms of small sample size, non-standardized criteria, reliance on correlation analyses, lack of longitudinal studies, and absence of reliable biomarkers. We suggest future research directions should include leveraging artificial intelligence for biomarker development, conducting longitudinal and multicenter studies, and investigating the systemic effects of lung disease on the brain and neuromodulation strategies.},
}

@article {pmid40051347,
year = {2025},
author = {Hwang, YH and Min, DH and Beom Park, W},
title = {Limitations of neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 vaccine efficacy trials and a call for additional correlates of protection.},
journal = {Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {2473795},
doi = {10.1080/21645515.2025.2473795},
pmid = {40051347},
issn = {2164-554X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; *Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Vaccine Efficacy ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; Immunity, Cellular/immunology ; mRNA Vaccines ; },
abstract = {The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic accelerated development of various vaccine platforms. Among them, mRNA vaccines played a crucial role in controlling the pandemic due to their swift development and efficacy against virus variants. Despite the success of these vaccines, recent studies highlight challenges in evaluating vaccine efficacy, especially in individuals with prior COVID-19 infection. Weakened neutralizing antibody responses after additional doses are observed in these populations, raising concerns about using neutralizing antibody titers as the sole immune correlate of protection. While neutralizing antibodies remain the primary endpoint in immunogenicity trials, they may not fully capture the immune response in populations with widespread prior infection or vaccination. This review explores reduced neutralizing antibody responses in previously infected individuals, and their impact on vaccine efficacy evaluation. It also offers recommendations for improving efficacy assessment, stressing incorporation of additional immune markers such as cell-mediated immunity to enable more comprehensive understanding of vaccine-induced immunity.},
}

Humans
*Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood/immunology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
*Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Vaccine Efficacy
Clinical Trials as Topic
Immunogenicity, Vaccine
Immunity, Cellular/immunology
mRNA Vaccines

@article {pmid40051042,
year = {2025},
author = {Das, C and Kundu, CN},
title = {Decoding the molecular complexity of viruses in human cancer: insights into host cell infection, oncogenesis, and therapeutic prospects.},
journal = {Critical reviews in microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-24},
doi = {10.1080/1040841X.2025.2461045},
pmid = {40051042},
issn = {1549-7828},
abstract = {Infections account for approximately 15% of human cancers worldwide. Viruses are the most predominant infectious agents and can infect and alter various types of human cells thereby leading to the development of various forms of cancer. Current studies have reported that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HBC), human papillomavirus (HPV), Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1), Markel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), and BK polyomavirus are the most important oncogenic viruses that are directly involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. Additionally, some recent studies have also reported that some non-oncogenic viruses, such as COVID-19 causing SARS-CoV-2, HIV and Dengue may potentially facilitate the onset of cancer. In this review, we outline the current knowledge of the molecular machinery of viral infection, and how viral oncogenic proteins play a specific role in cellular transformation as well as oncogenesis. Here, we have also discussed the available preventive and treatment approaches for viral infection and oncogenesis. This review will further help in the making of a roadmap for future research and the development of effective therapies such as precision medicine, gene therapies, vaccine development, and immunotherapy.},
}

@article {pmid40050867,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, H and Ge, C and Fisher, D and Hien, NTT and Musabaev, E and Pronyuk, K and Xia, Y and Zhu, Z and Wang, Y and Dang, Y and Zhao, L},
title = {Antiviral treatment for viral pneumonia: current drugs and natural compounds.},
journal = {Virology journal},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {62},
pmid = {40050867},
issn = {1743-422X},
support = {81974530//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 81974530//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 81974530//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022EHB039//Hubei International Sciencific and Technological Cooperation Project/ ; 2022EHB039//Hubei International Sciencific and Technological Cooperation Project/ ; 2022EHB039//Hubei International Sciencific and Technological Cooperation Project/ ; },
mesh = {*Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Humans ; *Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy/virology ; *Biological Products/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Virus Replication/drug effects ; COVID-19/virology ; },
abstract = {In recent years, viral pneumonia has become a significant challenge to global public health, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Viral pneumonia can be caused by various viruses, including influenza virus, RSV, and adenovirus. These viruses trigger inflammatory responses by invading the respiratory epithelial cells, leading to lung damage. Existing antiviral drugs such as ribavirin, adobiravir, and oseltamivir exert their therapeutic effects by inhibiting different stages of the viral life cycle but face issues such as increasing drug resistance. Natural components like astragalus saponins, Houttuynia cordata flavonoids, and tea theaflavin-gallates have demonstrated supportive roles in antiviral treatments, capable of not only enhancing immune responses but also potentially inhibiting viral replication through multiple pathways, thereby alleviating lung damage. Although natural components cannot entirely replace traditional antiviral drugs, their role in comprehensive treatment regimens is becoming increasingly important. This review summarizes the current applications and limitations of antiviral drugs and explores the research progress and potential mechanisms of natural components in the treatment of viral pneumonia.},
}

*Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology
Humans
*Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy/virology
*Biological Products/therapeutic use/pharmacology
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
Virus Replication/drug effects
COVID-19/virology

@article {pmid40050642,
year = {2025},
author = {Santigli, E and Lindner, M and Kessler, HH and Jakse, N and Fakheran, O},
title = {Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among oral health care workers with natural seroconversion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {7848},
pmid = {40050642},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/immunology ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; *Seroconversion ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology ; *Health Personnel ; Immunoglobulin G/blood/immunology ; Oral Health ; },
abstract = {Aerosol and droplet exposure makes oral health care workers (OHCWs) highly susceptible to transmissible infections, for example with SARS-CoV-2. Population-based screening is useful in understanding public health interventions in COVID-19. This systematic review with meta-analysis presents the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among OHCWs. An electronic search has been performed to identify records indexed in Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library until December 2023. All observational studies providing data on SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in OHCWs with natural seroconversion were included. The quality of 722 records was evaluated using the Joana Brigg's Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool. Finally, ten studies were considered as eligible encompassing point-seroprevalence data on 6,083 dental professionals (dentists, assistants, and administrative staff) from seven European countries and Brazil. The antibody seroprevalence was pooled by a meta-analysis performed with MedCalc® statistical software. Applying random effects model, the overall seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G antibodies among OHCWs was estimated at 13.49% (95% CI 9.15-18.52%). The data indicate a somewhat increased occupation-specific risk for COVID-19 but more studies are required, especially later in the pandemic and following vaccination.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/immunology
Seroepidemiologic Studies
*Seroconversion
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology
*Health Personnel
Immunoglobulin G/blood/immunology
Oral Health

@article {pmid40050633,
year = {2025},
author = {Ma, W and Tang, S and Yao, P and Zhou, T and Niu, Q and Liu, P and Tang, S and Chen, Y and Gan, L and Cao, Y},
title = {Advances in acute respiratory distress syndrome: focusing on heterogeneity, pathophysiology, and therapeutic strategies.},
journal = {Signal transduction and targeted therapy},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {75},
pmid = {40050633},
issn = {2059-3635},
support = {82241060//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 82272241//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 82402574//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 82270392//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 2023M732462//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy/pathology/physiopathology/genetics ; *COVID-19/therapy/complications ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Immunotherapy ; },
abstract = {In recent years, the incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been gradually increasing. Despite advances in supportive care, ARDS remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. ARDS is characterized by acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure with diffuse pulmonary inflammation and bilateral edema due to excessive alveolocapillary permeability in patients with non-cardiogenic pulmonary diseases. Over the past seven decades, our understanding of the pathology and clinical characteristics of ARDS has evolved significantly, yet it remains an area of active research and discovery. ARDS is highly heterogeneous, including diverse pathological causes, clinical presentations, and treatment responses, presenting a significant challenge for clinicians and researchers. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the latest advancements in ARDS research, focusing on its heterogeneity, pathophysiological mechanisms, and emerging therapeutic approaches, such as cellular therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Moreover, we also examine the pathological characteristics of COVID-19-related ARDS and discuss the corresponding therapeutic approaches. In the face of challenges posed by ARDS heterogeneity, recent advancements offer hope for improved patient outcomes. Further research is essential to translate these findings into effective clinical interventions and personalized treatment approaches for ARDS, ultimately leading to better outcomes for patients suffering from ARDS.},
}

Humans
*Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy/pathology/physiopathology/genetics
*COVID-19/therapy/complications
*SARS-CoV-2
Immunotherapy

@article {pmid40050389,
year = {2025},
author = {Hirosawa, K and Inomata, T and Nagino, K and Sung, J and Midorikawa-Inomata, A and Inagaki, K and Kobayashi, H and Nakao, S},
title = {Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the trends of care-seeking behavior for ocular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {7800},
pmid = {40050389},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {24K23518//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 20K09810//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 21K17311//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Eye Diseases/epidemiology/therapy ; *Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Female ; Ophthalmology/trends ; Male ; Adult ; },
abstract = {We aimed to assess the clinical and epidemiological impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the number of ophthalmology outpatient department (oOPD) visits. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for literature published between January 1, 2020, and December 5, 2022. The extracted data were pooled using a random-effects model. The primary outcome was the number of oOPD visits. Of the 335 screened articles, 21 and 16 were included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses, respectively. Among the 16 studies included in the meta-analysis, 7 involving 4,204,209 individuals reported the number of oOPD visits during the pandemic. Compared with the number of pre-pandemic visits, the numbers of oOPD visits declined to 58.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.378-0.784) and 29.8% (95% CI 0.130-0.465) during the pandemic and lockdown, respectively. The proportions of female patient visits decreased from 50.9 to 47.8% and from 48.3 to 42.3% during the pandemic and lockdown, respectively. The proportions of adult visits increased from 86.3 to 89.6% and decreased from 90.6 to 80.1% during the pandemic and lockdown, respectively. The decrease in oOPD visits during the pandemic may have caused delays in diagnosis and treatment, potentially exacerbating the existing ocular diseases.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Eye Diseases/epidemiology/therapy
*Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2
Female
Ophthalmology/trends
Male
Adult

@article {pmid40049877,
year = {2025},
author = {Zeng, X and Li, C and Li, Z and Tao, Z and Li, M},
title = {Review of research advances in microbial sterilization technologies and applications in the built environment.},
journal = {Journal of environmental sciences (China)},
volume = {154},
number = {},
pages = {314-348},
doi = {10.1016/j.jes.2024.09.026},
pmid = {40049877},
issn = {1001-0742},
mesh = {*Sterilization/methods ; *Built Environment ; *Air Pollution, Indoor/prevention & control ; Air Microbiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Humans ; },
abstract = {As globalization accelerates, microbial contamination in the built environment poses a major public health challenge. Especially since Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), microbial sterilization technology has become a crucial research area for indoor air pollution control in order to create a hygienic and safe built environment. Based on this, the study reviews sterilization technologies in the built environment, focusing on the principles, efficiency and applicability, revealing advantages and limitations, and summarizing current research advances. Despite the efficacy of single sterilization technologies in specific environments, the corresponding side effects still exist. Thus, this review highlights the efficiency of hybrid sterilization technologies, providing an in-depth understanding of the practical application in the built environment. Also, it presents an outlook on the future direction of sterilization technology, including the development of new methods that are more efficient, energy-saving, and targeted to better address microbial contamination in the complex and changing built environment. Overall, this study provides a clear guide for selecting technologies to handle microbial contamination in different building environments in the future, as well as a scientific basis for developing more effective air quality control strategies.},
}

*Sterilization/methods
*Built Environment
*Air Pollution, Indoor/prevention & control
Air Microbiology
COVID-19/prevention & control
Humans

@article {pmid40049540,
year = {2025},
author = {Wall, EK and Virakorn, EA and Baker, KD and Cohen, EM and Richardson, R},
title = {Preclinical Behavioral and Pharmacological Treatments for Enhancing Fear Extinction in Adolescence.},
journal = {Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {106090},
doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106090},
pmid = {40049540},
issn = {1873-7528},
abstract = {Adolescence is a window of vulnerability for the development of anxiety disorders but also a window of opportunity for treatments to minimize the long-term impact of such disorders. Current first-line treatments, primarily exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), have limited long-term efficacy in adolescents. The urgent need for more effective interventions is underscored by the frequent reports of extinction impairments in adolescents as well as the rising anxiety rates in youth, particularly post-COVID-19. Preclinical research on the extinction of learned fear in adolescents may contribute to developing better treatment approaches to anxiety in this age group. Unfortunately, this is still a largely under-explored area. However, both pharmacological and behavioral augmentation strategies can be used to enhance extinction learning and consolidation. Here we describe work exploring such adjuncts, focusing on pre-clinical work with rodents. Much of the research to date shows striking developmental differences in response to various pharmacological treatments, with only a few shown to be effective in adolescents. Further, recent experience of stress reduces the efficacy of these treatments in adolescence. This review highlights the necessity for tailored strategies, especially when it comes to pharmacological adjuncts, that address developmental differences in drug responses as well as the impact of stressful experiences on treatment efficacy.},
}

@article {pmid40049326,
year = {2025},
author = {Kitano, T and Salmon, DA and Dudley, MZ and Saldanha, IJ and Thompson, DA and Engineer, L},
title = {A systematic review and meta-analysis of health state utility values for infectious diseases with pandemic potential and associated vaccine adverse reactions.},
journal = {Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jval.2025.02.007},
pmid = {40049326},
issn = {1524-4733},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic and its vaccine deployment have illustrated the importance of estimating the disease burden of the pandemic and vaccine adverse reactions in a comparable fashion. The objective was to evaluate health state utility value (HSUV) scores for infectious diseases with pandemic potential and associated vaccine adverse reactions.

METHODS: We included studies from which we could extract a single HSUV associated with priority infectious diseases with pandemic potential or associated vaccine adverse reactions. We assessed risk of bias using the criteria recommended by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). We conducted random-effects meta-analyses.

RESULTS: We included 38 studies, and data synthesis was conducted for COVID-19, influenza, and dengue for infectious diseases and myocarditis and narcolepsy for vaccine adverse reactions. Response rates varied (2-98%), while follow-up rates ranged 68-100%. Twenty-four studies did not report how they handled missing data. Compared with control groups, COVID-19 (acute phase) and influenza (acute phase) had reduced EuroQoL 5 dimensions (EQ-5D) scores: -0.11 (95% confidence interval -0.14, -0.07) in COVID-19 and -0.50 (95% CI -0.60, -0.41) in influenza. For associated vaccine adverse reactions, the mean EQ-5D score for myocarditis and PedsQL score for narcolepsy were 0.88 [95% CI 0.76, 1.00] and 64.0 [95% CI 59.4, 68.7]], respectively. No apparent asymmetry was observed in funnel plots.

CONCLUSIONS: This study provided HSUV scores for some infectious diseases with pandemic potential and associated vaccine adverse reactions. These results can be used as HSUV indicators for future health technology and cost-effectiveness assessments.},
}

@article {pmid40048931,
year = {2025},
author = {Moore, M and Anderson, L and Schiffer, JT and Matrajt, L and Dimitrov, D},
title = {Durability of COVID-19 vaccine and infection induced immunity: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {54},
number = {},
pages = {126966},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126966},
pmid = {40048931},
issn = {1873-2518},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite the success of mRNA vaccines, COVID-19 remains a significant public health threat. Waning of immune memory and the emergence of new variants can degrade population-level protection and contribute to ongoing morbidity.

METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-regression, we searched for studies in PubMed, medRxiv and bioRxiv published January 1, 2020 - January 1, 2023 measuring vaccine effectiveness as the reduction in infection, symptomatic disease, and severe disease (resulting in hospitalization and/or death) conferred by mRNA-based vaccination and prior SARS-CoV-2 infections relative to naïve individuals. We excluded studies that did not distinguish between mRNA and non-mRNA vaccines or had less than 1000 participants. Using a multi-level model, we quantified the initial effectiveness and change over four to six months following vaccination or infection. Model covariates were COVID variant, number of vaccine doses, and the number and variant of prior infection. Our estimates were adjusted for the age of the study population.

FINDINGS: Of 828 screened, we included 123 studies in our analysis. Vaccine effectiveness against infection and disease declined both over time and with the emergence of Omicron, regardless of booster doses, though protection against severe outcomes was more durable. Booster doses reduced severe Omicron infections by 90.5 % (95 % confidence interval 87.1-93.8) and 77.6 % (70.5-84.7) at two and 26 weeks post-vaccination, respectively. Protection conferred by hybrid immunity was more durable than that from either vaccination or prior infection alone, but protection against Omicron reinfection was only 50.1 % (32.5-67.8) at 26 weeks following vaccination. Individuals with hybrid immunity had 80.6 % protection (70.0-91.2) following booster doses declining to 36.9 % (19.3-54.6) after 16 weeks.

INTERPRETATION: Our results suggest that timely deployment of pre-existing boosters can greatly mitigate seasonal COVID outbreaks even in populations with prior infection and vaccination.

FUNDING: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (NU38OT000297-03).},
}

@article {pmid40047857,
year = {2025},
author = {Hussain, MS and Goyal, A and Goyal, K and S, RJ and Nellore, J and Shahwan, M and Rekha, A and Ali, H and Dhanasekaran, M and MacLoughlin, R and Dua, K and Gupta, G},
title = {Targeting CXCR2 signaling in inflammatory lung diseases: neutrophil-driven inflammation and emerging therapies.},
journal = {Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40047857},
issn = {1432-1912},
abstract = {Inflammatory lung diseases (ILDs) such as asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COVID-19, cystic fibrosis, and lung cancer impose a substantial worldwide healthcare impact. The pathophysiology of these disorders is primarily influenced by the involvement of neutrophils, which are crucial triggers in the natural immune reaction. Neutrophils participate in pulmonary inflammation and tissue destruction. When neutrophils are activated and recruited, they migrate to inflammatory lung tissues via the chemokine receptor CXCR2. This study explores how neutrophils, directed by CXCR2 signaling, participate in the inflammatory environment in the lung, inducing tissue injury and the development of illness. We investigate both the functional and structural features of CXCR2, emphasizing its relationship with ligands such as IL-8 (CXCL8) and GRO-α (CXCL1) and its involvement in ILDs. The article also explores novel treatment approaches that focus on CXCR2, such as the use of small molecule antagonists. These compounds can regulate neutrophil behavior and reduce signs of the illness. The study provides a detailed analysis of current clinical studies and the results of inhibiting CXCR2, specifically looking at the effectiveness and safety of these new medicines. This study seeks to deliver a thorough analysis of the important function of neutrophils and CXCR2 in ILDs, as well as the possibility of CXCR2-targeted therapeutics to enhance clinical outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid40047167,
year = {2025},
author = {Htet, H and Kyung, HY and Burud, IAS and Jaiprakash, H and Subramaniam, T and Iezhitsa, I and Agarwal, R},
title = {Adverse events associated with monoclonal antibodies used for treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {British journal of clinical pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/bcp.70025},
pmid = {40047167},
issn = {1365-2125},
support = {BMS I-2022 (15)//IMU University (Formerly known as the International Medical University), Malaysia/ ; },
abstract = {AIMS: This review aimed to synthesise the evidence related to the incidence of serious and non-serious adverse events with the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) among COVID-19 patients.

METHODS: Databases were searched from January 2020 to September 2023 for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that used mAbs for the treatment of COVID-19 regardless of disease severity. Study screening, data extraction and data analysis were performed independently by two reviewers. The Cochrane risk of bias 1.0 tool was used for methodological quality assessment.

RESULTS: Sixteen studies were identified for analysis with 9682 participants in the intervention arm and 10 115 participants in the control arm. Seven trials reported hepatoxicity and there was a statistically significant increase in the chance of hepatoxicity among patients treated with mAbs compared to those given standard of care (SoC) or placebo with risk ratio (RR) = 1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29-2.24. Five trials reported for neutropenia and there was a statistically significant association of neutropenia with the use of mAbs compared to SoC or placebo with RR = 4.03, 95% CI 1.74-9.34. Ten trials reported any disease-related serious adverse events related to the disease and there was a reduction of risk compared to SoC/placebo,  although this reduction was not statistically significant (RR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.70-1.11).

CONCLUSIONS: The use of mAbs was found to be associated with an increased risk of hepatoxicity and neutropenia compared to SoC/placebo among COVID-19 patients with moderate certainty of evidence. Long-term observational studies are recommended to observe post-COVID adverse events related to the use of mAbs.},
}

@article {pmid40046430,
year = {2024},
author = {Talkington, GM and Kolluru, P and Gressett, TE and Ismael, S and Meenakshi, U and Acquarone, M and Solch-Ottaiano, RJ and White, A and Ouvrier, B and Paré, K and Parker, N and Watters, A and Siddeeque, N and Sullivan, B and Ganguli, N and Calero-Hernandez, V and Hall, G and Longo, M and Bix, GJ},
title = {Neurological sequelae of long COVID: a comprehensive review of diagnostic imaging, underlying mechanisms, and potential therapeutics.},
journal = {Frontiers in neurology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1465787},
pmid = {40046430},
issn = {1664-2295},
support = {TL1 TR003106/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {One lingering effect of the COVID-19 pandemic created by SARS-CoV-2 is the emergence of Long COVID (LC), characterized by enduring neurological sequelae affecting a significant portion of survivors. This review provides a thorough analysis of these neurological disruptions with respect to cognitive dysfunction, which broadly manifest as chronic insomnia, fatigue, mood dysregulation, and cognitive impairments with respect to cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, we characterize how diagnostic tools such as PET, MRI, EEG, and ultrasonography provide critical insight into subtle neurological anomalies that may mechanistically explain the Long COVID disease phenotype. In this review, we explore the mechanistic hypotheses of these neurological changes, which describe CNS invasion, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, and gut-brain axis dysregulation, along with the novel vascular disruption hypothesis that highlights endothelial dysfunction and hypoperfusion as a core underlying mechanism. We lastly evaluate the clinical treatment landscape, scrutinizing the efficacy of various therapeutic strategies ranging from antivirals to anti-inflammatory agents in mitigating the multifaceted symptoms of LC.},
}

@article {pmid40046058,
year = {2025},
author = {Peng, Z and Zhou, G},
title = {Progress on diagnosis and treatment of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1551122},
pmid = {40046058},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/therapy/immunology/diagnosis/complications ; *Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis/therapy/immunology ; Child ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Immunotherapy/methods ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/diagnosis/immunology/etiology/therapy ; },
abstract = {Since the emergence of COVID-19 in December 2019, the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has primarily affected adults, with children representing a smaller proportion of cases. However, the escalation of the pandemic has led to a notable increase in pediatric cases of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). The pathogenesis of MIS-C is largely attributed to immune-mediated mechanisms, such as cytokine storms and endothelial damage, following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we comprehensively describe MIS-C, including its definitions as proposed by the CDC, WHO, and RCPCH, which emphasize persistent fever, excessive inflammatory responses, and multi-organ involvement. Additionally, we summarize current treatment approaches, prioritizing immunotherapy with intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids, along with anticoagulation therapy, and monoclonal antibodies in severe cases.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/therapy/immunology/diagnosis/complications
*Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis/therapy/immunology
Child
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
Immunotherapy/methods
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Cytokine Release Syndrome/diagnosis/immunology/etiology/therapy

@article {pmid40045565,
year = {2025},
author = {Tan, L and Trevas, D and Falsey, AR},
title = {Adult Vaccine Coadministration Is Safe, Effective, and Acceptable: Results of a Survey of the Literature.},
journal = {Influenza and other respiratory viruses},
volume = {19},
number = {3},
pages = {e70090},
pmid = {40045565},
issn = {1750-2659},
mesh = {Humans ; *Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage/adverse effects/immunology ; *Vaccination ; Adult ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/adverse effects/immunology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coadministration of vaccines in children is a long-standing practice that has proven to be safe and effective in improving the efficiency of vaccine administration, thereby increasing immunization coverage rates. As the number of vaccines routinely recommended for adults increases, and with limited opportunities for adults to have preventive health touchpoints with providers, adult vaccine coadministration should be considered as a routine practice to improve vaccination coverage rates and public health. A review of existing literature was conducted to examine the potential reactogenicity and impact on effectiveness when co-administering vaccines to adults.

METHODS: Medline was searched for research articles with the search term "influenza vaccine" or "vaccination," combined with the search terms "simultaneous," "concomitant," "concurrent," and "combination." Another search of Medline was conducted on the search term "influenza vaccine" or "vaccination" combined with the following individual search terms: "RSV," "COVID," and "Tdap." The references of extracted articles were also examined for potential other relevant articles.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Adult vaccine coadministration is safe for all the combinations we assessed. Most adverse events (AEs) were generally mild to moderate and of short duration. Some studies showed slightly more reactogenicity with coadministration but few or no serious AEs or safety signals. Nearly every study confirmed that coadministration had no significant effect on immune response for either vaccine. The benefits of vaccine coadministration outweigh the risks. It increases convenience for vaccinees, reduces the number of missed opportunities to vaccinate, and contributes to efficient use of healthcare resources.},
}

Humans
*Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage/adverse effects/immunology
*Vaccination
Adult
Influenza, Human/prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/adverse effects/immunology
COVID-19/prevention & control

@article {pmid40045382,
year = {2025},
author = {Martell, R and Reade, M and Boesch, L and Kaur, DP and Kumar, S and McArthur, M and Maar, MA},
title = {The role of narratives in promoting vaccine confidence among Indigenous peoples in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand: a scoping review.},
journal = {International journal for equity in health},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {63},
pmid = {40045382},
issn = {1475-9276},
support = {#VC1-178871/CAPMC/CIHR/Canada ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Canada ; Australia ; *Indigenous Peoples/psychology ; New Zealand ; United States ; *Narration ; Health Promotion/methods ; Vaccination/psychology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Vaccines/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Trust/psychology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Many Indigenous youth and young adults in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand have reported low vaccine confidence, which has been linked to lower vaccination rates for COVID-19, MMR, HPV, DTaP-IPV-Hib, and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Narrative-based health promotion approaches, including those focused on strengthening vaccine confidence, have been used in public health interventions. Scoping reviews have become increasingly valued for their rigorous and reproducible exploration of evidence in public health research. The aim of this scoping review was to understand the extent and types of evidence related to the facilitators, challenges, and benefits of narrative-based health promotion approaches in vaccine confidence interventions within Indigenous populations.

METHODS: This review adhered to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines for scoping reviews using Covidence online software to streamline the review process. Database searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and PubMed, as well as Google search to identify both academic and gray literature articles on the role of narratives in promoting vaccine confidence published between January 2000 and April 2024. Charted data were ranked in a numerical summary and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The review process embraced a two-eyed seeing approach.

RESULTS: The searches identified 306 records. After the screening process, 45 sources (35 peer-reviewed articles, eight gray literature, and two preprint articles) were included in the final review. The key facilitators of narrative-based approaches to promote vaccine confidence were community engagement, tailored and culturally safe interventions, and trusted messengers and sources of information. The challenges discussed in the literature were linked to mistrust of government and healthcare services and to misinformation narratives. The most frequently reported benefits were the development of community-based resources, culturally safe and relevant interventions, building trust and respectful relationships, and improved vaccination rates.

CONCLUSION: This review confirmed the important contribution of narrative-based health promotion approaches in strengthening vaccine confidence among Indigenous populations. This finding underscores the importance of respecting Indigenous sovereignty and engaging community perspectives to repair trust and improve vaccination rates.},
}

Humans
Canada
Australia
*Indigenous Peoples/psychology
New Zealand
United States
*Narration
Health Promotion/methods
Vaccination/psychology
COVID-19/prevention & control
Vaccines/therapeutic use
COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use
Trust/psychology

@article {pmid40044492,
year = {2025},
author = {Klingelhöfer, D and Braun, M and Naser, CA and Brüggmann, D and Groneberg, DA},
title = {Emerging Nipah Virus With Pandemic Potential and High Mortality Rates: Is the Scientific Community Learning From Former Pandemics?.},
journal = {Reviews in medical virology},
volume = {35},
number = {2},
pages = {e70028},
pmid = {40044492},
issn = {1099-1654},
mesh = {Humans ; *Nipah Virus ; *Henipavirus Infections/epidemiology/mortality ; *Pandemics ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology/mortality/virology ; Biomedical Research/trends ; Global Health ; },
abstract = {As Nipah virus (NiV) infection is characterised by a possible pandemic risk, being currently limited to a small but deadly belt, the attention of other countries is essential. It has often been pointed out that NiV is an under-researched virus with a high-risk potential. This study aimed to show the global research history and status quo based on analyses of various chronological and geographical parameters, including socioeconomic characteristics and research funding. For this purpose, advanced analysis methods and visualisation techniques were applied, such as density equalisation mapping and cluster analysis. The correlation between the number of articles on NiV and the economic strength or intensity of financing per country is significant. However, the comparatively low scientific commitment of countries that are usually among the major players in global scientific publications and the declining scientific interest in NiV research combined with the prevailing knowledge gaps in NiV infectiology in conjunction with the risk of NiV spreading to other areas is extremely threatening. Research on previous viruses such as Corona and mpox shows an equally short-term interest, which has led to an insufficiently prepared situation in the run-up to outbreaks, making it hard to find quick and effective solutions. As often said, the NiV infection belt is small but deadly, but global travel and trade increase the risk of spreading. The scientific community worldwide must be prepared for the possible spread of infections that pose a pandemic risk.},
}

Humans
*Nipah Virus
*Henipavirus Infections/epidemiology/mortality
*Pandemics
Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology/mortality/virology
Biomedical Research/trends
Global Health

@article {pmid40042766,
year = {2025},
author = {Kumar, A and Saini, S and Anvikar, A and Mishra, N and Misra, G},
title = {Evolving Landscape of Emerging Virus Diagnosis: Challenges and Innovations.},
journal = {Molecular biotechnology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40042766},
issn = {1559-0305},
abstract = {Emerging and re-emerging viruses (like Spanish flu, SARS-CoV-2, etc.) have substantially impacted global public health since the early twentieth century. These outbreaks are unpredictable and novel viruses are difficult to understand due to emerging variations. Advanced virology and diagnostic technologies have revolutionized viral diagnostics, enabling accurate early identification and successful treatment and containment. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, such as metagenomics and whole-genome sequencing, have played a crucial role in the detection and monitoring of emerging viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Advanced diagnostic methods, such as digital PCR, CRISPR-based tools, and serological techniques like ELISA, enhance viral detection's sensitivity, specificity, and speed. Research has shown that innovations such as lateral flow immunoassays, biosensors, and aptamers have the potential to significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy in various fields. The integration of AI in diagnostics aids researchers in understanding viral evolution and outbreak management, offering new avenues for rapid response. This review aims to examine the latest advancements in virus diagnosis technologies, identify unresolved accuracy and detection issues, and discuss emerging ideas that are transforming the future of viral diagnostics. It is important to improve early identification, rendering the system more cost-effective and adaptable to new viral threats.},
}

@article {pmid40041711,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Y and Wang, S and Zhang, L and Dong, Q and Hu, X and Yang, Y and Liu, T and Wu, B and Shan, B and Yin, C and Xie, Q and Zhu, B and Zheng, C},
title = {Sensory Insights in Aging: Exploring the Impact on Improving Dietary Through Sensory Enhancement.},
journal = {Food science & nutrition},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {e70074},
pmid = {40041711},
issn = {2048-7177},
abstract = {The trend of global population aging is becoming increasingly evident, with the proportion of the elderly population continuously rising, making it one of the most profound demographic trends of the 21st century. As people age, their sensory functions generally decline, such as vision, hearing, smell, and taste, which not only affects their food choices and enjoyment but can also lead to health issues like malnutrition and weight loss. In addition, chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and the COVID-19 pandemic can exacerbate sensory impairments in older adults. Currently, most sensory evaluation methods are designed for healthy adults and have limitations when applied to the elderly, such as visual impairment making it difficult to see scoring sheets or linear scales, and hearing impairment preventing understanding of questions and requests from sensory analysts, leading to potential biases and inaccuracies in data collection. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop sensory evaluation systems suitable for older adults to better understand and address their sensory changes due to aging and health conditions. This review summarizes the sensory abilities, cognitive functions, and physical health status of older adults; explores how to improve their food intake and appetite through flavor-enhanced foods; and reviews current sensory evaluation methods, pointing out their limitations and the necessity for developing new approaches to meet the diverse needs of older adults. Future research should deepen the understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of sensory decline, develop implicit sensory evaluation methods based on EEG and facial microexpressions, and optimize personalized sensory compensation strategies that are safe and sustainable in order to improve the dietary health and quality of life of older adults.},
}

@article {pmid40040619,
year = {2025},
author = {Morrison, LJ and Hunt, EA and Grunau, B and Aufderheide, TP and Callaway, C and Tonna, JE and Sasson, C and Blewer, A and McNally, BF and Yannopoulos, D and Belohlavek, J and Bartos, J and Combes, A and Idris, A and Merchant, RM and States, L and Tinsley, E and Wong, R and Youngquist, ST and Sopko, G and Kern, KB},
title = {International Consensus on Evidence Gaps and Research Opportunities in Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Refractory Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Report From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop.},
journal = {Journal of the American Heart Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e036108},
doi = {10.1161/JAHA.124.036108},
pmid = {40040619},
issn = {2047-9980},
abstract = {The increased accessibility of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation following the COVID-19 pandemic and the publication of the first randomized trial of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) prompted the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to sponsor a workshop on ECPR. Two more randomized trials have since been published in 2022 and 2023. Based on the combined findings and review of the evidence, an international panel of authors identified gaps in science, inequities in care and diversity in outcomes, and suggested research opportunities and next steps. The science pertaining to ECPR would benefit from the United States contributing uniform data to existing registries and sharing common data with the ELSO (Extracorporeal Life Support Organization) international registry to increase the sample size for observational research. In addition, well-designed efficacy trials, recruiting across different regions of care evaluating long-term follow-up, including patient reported outcomes, cost effectiveness, and equity measures, would contribute significantly to the body of science. Workshop participants defined the population of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest most likely to benefit from ECPR. ECPR-eligible patients include those aged 18 to 75 years functioning independently without comorbidity; before suffering a witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and without any obvious cause of the cardiac arrest; presenting in a shockable rhythm and transported with mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation to an ECPR-capable institute within 30 minutes, which is recommended after 3 rounds of advanced life support treatment without return of spontaneous circulation. There are significant inequities in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest care that need to be addressed such that outcomes are optimized for each target region before implementing ECPR in a clinical or implementation trial.},
}

@article {pmid40038708,
year = {2025},
author = {Xu, X and Ding, W and Song, H and Wang, D},
title = {Unique skin nodules following COVID-19 vaccination: a case report of cutaneous plasmacytosis and review of the literature.},
journal = {Virology journal},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {57},
pmid = {40038708},
issn = {1743-422X},
support = {24WSXT025//Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Provincial Health Commission/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/immunology/administration & dosage ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Skin/pathology ; Skin Diseases/pathology/etiology/chemically induced/virology ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; Plasma Cells/immunology/pathology ; Prednisone/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cutaneous plasmacytosis (CP) is a rare disorder that may affect two or more organ systems, such as skin, lymph nodes or lungs. The pathogenesis of CP remains unknown, and in most cases, the condition follows a chronic and benign clinical course without spontaneous remission.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 50-year-old male who developed necrotizing skin nodules without other systemic abnormalities four days after the first doses of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Oral prednisone improved the lesions by approximately 70%. However, signs of CP recurrence manifested 15 days after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccination. Ultimately, the patient experienced spontaneous remission after contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection.

CONCLUSION: This case uniquely associates COVID-19 inactivated vaccine with CP, where the same lesions appeared after two vaccinations and subsequently resolved following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This provides valuable clinical data for future studies on viral infections and cutaneous B-cell immunity.},
}

Humans
Male
Middle Aged
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/immunology/administration & dosage
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Skin/pathology
Skin Diseases/pathology/etiology/chemically induced/virology
Vaccination/adverse effects
Plasma Cells/immunology/pathology
Prednisone/therapeutic use/administration & dosage

@article {pmid40038154,
year = {2025},
author = {Rana, D and Prajapati, A and Karunakaran, B and Vora, L and Benival, D and Jindal, AB and Patel, R and Joshi, V and Jamloki, A and Shah, U},
title = {Recent Advances in Antiviral Drug Delivery Strategies.},
journal = {AAPS PharmSciTech},
volume = {26},
number = {3},
pages = {73},
pmid = {40038154},
issn = {1530-9932},
mesh = {*Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage/chemistry ; Humans ; *Drug Delivery Systems/methods ; Animals ; Virus Diseases/drug therapy ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Solubility ; },
abstract = {Viral infectious diseases have long posed significant challenges to public health, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent outbreaks, including those caused by coronaviruses, have highlighted the urgent need for more effective antiviral treatments. Existing therapies, while numerous, face limitations such as drug resistance, toxicity, poor bioavailability, and non-specific targeting, which hinder their effectiveness against new and emerging viruses. This review focuses on the latest advances in nanoplatform technologies designed to enhance drug solubility, provide sustained or targeted delivery, and improve the efficacy of antiviral therapies. Additionally, we explore how these technologies can be integrated with novel strategies like genetic modulation to combat viral infections more effectively. The review also discusses the potential of these innovations in addressing the challenges posed by current antiviral therapies and their implications for future clinical applications.},
}

*Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage/chemistry
Humans
*Drug Delivery Systems/methods
Animals
Virus Diseases/drug therapy
Nanoparticles/chemistry
Solubility

@article {pmid40037671,
year = {2025},
author = {Buckley, L and McGillis Hall, L and Price, S and Visekruna, S and McTavish, C},
title = {Nurse retention in peri- and post-COVID-19 work environments: a scoping review of factors, strategies and interventions.},
journal = {BMJ open},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {e096333},
pmid = {40037671},
issn = {2044-6055},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Personnel Turnover ; *Workplace ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Nurses ; Pandemics ; Job Satisfaction ; Working Conditions ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the deterioration of nurses' working conditions and a growing global nursing shortage. Little is known about the factors, strategies and interventions that could improve nurse retention in the peri- and post-COVID-19 period. An improved understanding of strategies that support and retain nurses will provide a foundation for developing informed approaches to sustaining the nursing workforce. The aim of this scoping review is to investigate and describe the (1) factors associated with nurse retention, (2) strategies to support nurse retention and (3) interventions that have been tested to support nurse retention, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

DESIGN: Scoping review.

DATA SOURCES: This scoping review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus databases were searched on 17 April 2024. The search was limited to a publication date of '2019 to present'.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Qualitative, quantitative, mixed-methods and grey literature studies of nurses (Registered Nurse (RN), Licenced Practical Nurse (LPN), Registered Practical Nurse (RPN), Publlic Health Nurse (PHN), including factors, strategies and/or interventions to support nurse retention in the peri- and post-COVID-19 period in English (or translated into English), were included. Systematic reviews, scoping reviews and meta-syntheses were excluded, but their reference lists were hand-screened for suitable studies.

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: The following data items were extracted: title, journal, authors, year of publication, country of publication, setting, population (n=), factors that mitigate intent to leave (or other retention measure), strategies to address nurse retention, interventions that address nurse retention, tools that measure retention/turnover intention, retention rates and/or scores. Data were evaluated for quality and synthesised qualitatively to map the current available evidence.

RESULTS: Our search identified 130 studies for inclusion in the analysis. The majority measured some aspect of nurse retention. A number of factors were identified as impacting nurse retention including nurse demographics, safe staffing and work environments, psychological well-being and COVID-19-specific impacts. Nurse retention strategies included ensuring safe flexible staffing and quality work environments, enhancing organisational mental health and wellness supports, improved leadership and communication, more professional development and mentorship opportunities, and better compensation and incentives. Only nine interventions that address nurse retention were identified.

CONCLUSIONS: Given the importance of nurse retention for a variety of key outcomes, it is imperative that nursing leadership, healthcare organisations and governments work to develop and test interventions that address nurse retention.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Personnel Turnover
*Workplace
SARS-CoV-2
Nurses
Pandemics
Job Satisfaction
Working Conditions

@article {pmid40037563,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, Q and Botta, R and Xu, Y and Wei, JC and Tung, TH},
title = {Risk of new-onset dementia following COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Age and ageing},
volume = {54},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ageing/afaf046},
pmid = {40037563},
issn = {1468-2834},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications/diagnosis ; *Dementia/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Assessment ; Aged ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection may increase the risk of developing dementia, although studies have reported conflicting findings. This meta-analysis aimed to synthesise the literature on the association between COVID-19 and the risk of new-onset dementia.

METHODS: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for cohort studies or case-control studies that investigated new-onset dementia development among adult COVID-19 survivors compared to individuals without COVID-19 infection from inception to 9 November 2023. Studies that exclusively involved populations younger than 18 years, with known dementia or lacked adequate data about the risk of dementia were excluded. Two authors independently conducted the screening of eligible studies, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. The primary outcome was new-onset dementia following COVID-19 infection. Data were pooled using random-effects models, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated.

RESULTS: A total of 15 retrospective cohort studies encompassing 26 408 378 participants were included. Pooled analysis indicated COVID-19 was associated with an increased risk of new-onset dementia (HR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.33-1.68). This risk remained elevated when compared with non-COVID cohorts (HR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.39-1.95), and respiratory tract infection cohorts (HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.12-1.49), but not influenza or sepsis cohorts. Increased dementia risk was observed in both males and females, as well as in individuals older than 65 years (HR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.48-1.90), with the risk remaining elevated for up to 24 months.

CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrates a significant association between COVID-19 infection and increased risk of developing new-onset dementia, which underscores the need for cognitive monitoring and early intervention for COVID-19 survivors to address potential long-term neurological impacts.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/complications/diagnosis
*Dementia/epidemiology
Risk Factors
SARS-CoV-2
Risk Assessment
Aged

@article {pmid40037530,
year = {2025},
author = {Koceva, H and Amiratashani, M and Akbarimoghaddam, P and Hoffmann, B and Zhurgenbayeva, G and Gresnigt, MS and Marcelino, VR and Eggeling, C and Figge, MT and Amorim, MJ and Mosig, AS},
title = {Deciphering respiratory viral infections by harnessing organ-on-chip technology to explore the gut-lung axis.},
journal = {Open biology},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {240231},
pmid = {40037530},
issn = {2046-2441},
support = {//BMBF/ ; //Leibniz Center for Photonics/ ; //FSU/ ; //European Research Council (ERC)/ ; //European Union/ ; //Innovative Medicines Initiative/ ; //EFPIA/ ; //DFG, German Research Foundation/ ; //DFG/ ; //Germany´s Excellence Strategy/ ; //Australian Research Council/ ; //Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; //M-M-M/ ; //Microverse Imaging Center/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Lung/virology/microbiology ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/virology/microbiology ; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; COVID-19/virology ; Animals ; Microbiota ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; },
abstract = {The lung microbiome has recently gained attention for potentially affecting respiratory viral infections, including influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and SARS-CoV-2. We will discuss the complexities of the lung microenvironment in the context of viral infections and the use of organ-on-chip (OoC) models in replicating the respiratory tract milieu to aid in understanding the role of temporary microbial colonization. Leveraging the innovative capabilities of OoC, particularly through integrating gut and lung models, opens new avenues to understand the mechanisms linking inter-organ crosstalk and respiratory infections. We will discuss technical aspects of OoC lung models, ranging from the selection of cell substrates for extracellular matrix mimicry, mechanical strain, breathing mechanisms and air-liquid interface to the integration of immune cells and use of microscopy tools for algorithm-based image analysis and systems biology to study viral infection in vitro. OoC offers exciting new options to study viral infections across host species and to investigate human cellular physiology at a personalized level. This review bridges the gap between complex biological phenomena and the technical prowess of OoC models, providing a comprehensive roadmap for researchers in the field.},
}

Humans
*Lung/virology/microbiology
*Respiratory Tract Infections/virology/microbiology
Lab-On-A-Chip Devices
SARS-CoV-2/physiology
COVID-19/virology
Animals
Microbiota
Gastrointestinal Microbiome

@article {pmid40037126,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhao, T and Xu, Q and Cai, X and Wang, M and Ao, L and Wei, T and Yang, H and Zhang, S and Zhang, X and Jin, S and Wang, X and Feng, X and Zhao, J and Wu, Y and Yang, J and Cui, F},
title = {Global spatio-temporal distribution of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine hesitancy between 2020 and 2022: A meta-analysis.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {53},
number = {},
pages = {126933},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126933},
pmid = {40037126},
issn = {1873-2518},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Vaccine hesitancy is a major barrier to high coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine coverage. To synthesize global research on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, a meta-analysis was conducted to provide scientific evidence for understanding its spatial and temporal variations and influencing factors.

METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases for studies published in English between January 2020 and December 2023 and included cross-sectional and cohort studies with study populations that included the general adult population aged ≥18 years and provided quantitative data on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance or hesitancy. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis elements and guidance for abstracting and assessing data quality and validity. Two groups of investigators independently extracted the study characteristics, including the outcome variable (the vaccine hesitancy rate). Our meta-analysis used a random-effects model. The outcome of interest was COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The included studies were divided into two categories based on their definitions of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Definition 1 combined vaccination behavior and willingness, and Definition 2 was based solely on willingness to vaccinate.

RESULTS: 855 studies were included in the final analytical dataset; 121 met Definition 1, and 734 met Definition 2. There were 277,285,178 participants in the included studies. In studies meeting Definition 1, hesitancy rates increased annually: 18.8 % in 2020, 29.1 % in 2021, and 30.8 % in 2022. However, in studies that met Definition 2, the hesitancy rates remained at 35 %. African studies reported the highest hesitancy rates globally (42.0 %), whereas European studies reported the lowest (16.5 %). Furthermore, there was a temporal association between mortality trends and COVID-19 hesitancy because the monthly cumulative death peaks coincided with lower hesitancy peaks.

CONCLUSION: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy increased across the continent during 2020-2022 and might be influenced by misinformation, policy changes, and public fatigue. Demographic factors like age, gender, and education also play a key role in vaccine hesitancy. The link between vaccine hesitancy and pandemic severity highlights the need for timely and effective public health responses.},
}

@article {pmid40036912,
year = {2025},
author = {Haga, C and Takei, Y and Okamoto, N and Oda, M and Yoshikawa, E},
title = {Nurturing nurses with good ethics for a healthier future: A scoping review of public health ethics education.},
journal = {Nurse education in practice},
volume = {84},
number = {},
pages = {104319},
doi = {10.1016/j.nepr.2025.104319},
pmid = {40036912},
issn = {1873-5223},
abstract = {AIMS: The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of public health ethics education programs designed for nursing students to inform the development of curricula that produce nurses with a strong ethical compass.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for public health ethics education in nursing. While the importance of balancing individual rights and the health of the community is well-recognized, there is a dearth of effective educational programs and materials to equip nursing students with the necessary skills to navigate these complex ethical issues.

DESIGN: This study is a scoping review of the literature Data sources: The PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science databases were searched to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria.

METHODS: A total of 16 studies were obtained within a search period of 2012-2023.

RESULTS: Our analysis showed that some of the studies included other faculty members and practitioners. Effective teaching methods included narrative media and gaming methods, while Internet technology posed teaching challenges. Evaluation methods ranged from analyzing student discussions and reports to using specific measurement scales.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest the need to develop a broader range of evaluation methods and collaborative efforts among educators to ensure the sharing of educational resources.},
}

@article {pmid40036106,
year = {2025},
author = {Rai, S and Tripathi, S},
title = {Comparative efficacy of leading COVID-19 vaccines: A network meta-analysis.},
journal = {The Indian journal of medical research},
volume = {161},
number = {1},
pages = {9-20},
pmid = {40036106},
issn = {0971-5916},
mesh = {*COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Network Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Vaccine Efficacy ; },
abstract = {In the fight against the COVID-19 virus, various vaccines using different technologies such as mRNA, viral vectors, protein subunits, and inactivated whole viruses have become primary defence strategies. This study aims to compare their effectiveness in controlling the spread of the pandemic. Using the comprehensive resources from three major databases-PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library-we conducted an extensive literature review up to April 30, 2023. By employing a frequentist network meta-analysis, we analysed both direct and indirect estimates of vaccine efficacy, providing a clear comparison of the leading candidates in the global fight against COVID-19. Fifteen vaccines from 26 articles were used in our network meta-analysis. The statistically significant direct estimates were obtained by Spikevax [VE: 93.29 (91.31, 95.27); P<0.05], Pfizer BioNTech [VE: 92.07 (90.03, 94.12); P<0.05], Sputnik [VE: 91.60 (85.60, 97.60); P<0.05], Novavax [VE: 88.99 (83.55, 94.42); P<0.05], Sinovac [VE: 83.50 (65.40, 101.60); P<0.05], Covifenz [VE: 77.27 (68.48, 86.06); P<0.05], Zifivax [VE: 75.94 (70.86, 81.02); P<0.05], Covishield [VE: 72.34 (67.12, 77.56); P<0.05], S-Trimer [VE: 71.61 (56.23, 86.98); P<0.05], Covaxin [VE: 70.81 (65.33, 76.29); P<0.05], Soberna [VE: 69.70 (56.50, 82.90); P<0.05], Zydus Cadila [VE: 66.60 (47.60, 85.60); P<0.05], CVnCoV [VE: 63.70 (52.20, 75.20); P<0.05], Convidecia [VE: 57.50 (39.70, 75.30); P <0.05], and Jcovden [VE : 52.42 (47.28, 57.57); P<0.05]. Spikevax emerged triumphant with an unparalleled P score of 0.95, solidifying its status as a top ranking prevention tool against the COVID-19 in our investigation. Our analysis reveals a ranking of vaccine efficacy, with Spikevax emerging as the most effective, followed closely by Comirnaty, Sputnik, and others, collectively providing strong protection against the ongoing threat of COVID-19.},
}

*COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use
Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Network Meta-Analysis as Topic
Pandemics/prevention & control
Vaccine Efficacy

@article {pmid40035792,
year = {2025},
author = {Klimek, P},
title = {[Cost effectiveness of vaccinations: on the complexity of health economic analyses of influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and RSV vaccination].},
journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40035792},
issn = {1437-1588},
abstract = {The question of the cost effectiveness of medical interventions is one of the central issues in health economics. This narrative review examines the cost effectiveness of vaccination against influenza, SARS-CoV‑2 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) considering current health economic analyses. The annual influenza vaccination and the booster vaccination against SARS-CoV‑2 in 2023 and 2024 are proving to be cost effective and in some cases even cost saving, especially in high-risk groups. The cost effectiveness of the RSV vaccination, which was approved in 2023, is less clear. It strongly depends on the age group and the willingness to pay for a quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. The analysis shows that the evaluation of vaccinations requires a considerable amount of data. In addition to direct protective effects, model calculations on vaccinations must also consider indirect effects, such as the reduction of transmission in the population with higher vaccination rates. Sensitivity analyses make it clear that factors such as vaccine costs, effectiveness and disease incidence can have a decisive influence on cost effectiveness. One of the biggest challenges in health economic analyses is the fragmentation of health data in many countries, which makes comprehensive and precise assessments difficult. Initiatives such as the European Health Data Space could help and support evidence-based decision making in health policy. Overall, the cost effectiveness of vaccinations remains dependent on numerous factors, with SARS-CoV‑2 and influenza vaccinations receiving a positive assessment in the scenarios analysed.},
}

@article {pmid40035700,
year = {2025},
author = {Hong, L and Li, J and Zeng, W and Li, Y and Yu, C and Zhao, S and Chen, L and Feng, Y},
title = {The seroprevalence of adenoviruses since 2000.},
journal = {Emerging microbes & infections},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {2475831},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2025.2475831},
pmid = {40035700},
issn = {2222-1751},
abstract = {Human adenoviruses (Ad) are increasingly used as vaccine vectors, especially after Ad5, Ad26, and ChAdY25 (ChAdOx1) were employed as vectors for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. So far, more than 116 adenovirus genotypes have been identified, divided into 7 species (A-G). Most adenoviruses do not cause diseases or are mildly pathogenic, with only species B and E leading to acute respiratory infections or conjunctival inflammation and species F causing gastrointestinal infections. Previous studies have shown that the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies against adenoviruses can be limiting when applying adenoviral vectors. On the other hand, for highly pathogenic adenoviruses, neutralizing antibodies is beneficial for preventing the diseases caused by these adenoviruses. Here, we summarized the studies on the seroprevalence of adenoviruses, especially adenoviruses that may be utilized as vectors for vaccine and gene therapy. We also analyzed possible factors associated with the seroprevalence and neutralizing titers. Given the trend of increasing adenoviral vector application, it is necessary to continue the investigation of the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies against adenoviruses in different geographic locations and populations.},
}

@article {pmid40035091,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, Y and Wang, Z and Zhou, P and Zhang, H},
title = {From reticulated platelets to immature platelet fraction: structure, function, and clinical applications.},
journal = {Platelets},
volume = {36},
number = {1},
pages = {2467383},
doi = {10.1080/09537104.2025.2467383},
pmid = {40035091},
issn = {1369-1635},
mesh = {Humans ; *Blood Platelets/metabolism ; },
abstract = {In comparison to mature platelets, reticulated platelets (RPs) are newly released from the bone marrow and exhibit a larger size, higher reactivity, and a greater quantity of RNA, and can be an agile indicator of platelet turnover. The transcriptome associated with platelet function is significantly upregulated in RPs, which is a possible explanation for RPs intrinsic hyper-reactivity. We presented a comprehensive overview of the detection techniques for RPs. Current methods to quantify RPs in clinical routine are flow cytometry and fully automated hematology analyzers (Sysmex-XE/XN, Abbott, ADVIA, Mindray), which make the detection of RPs simpler, faster and more affordable. The proportion of RPs increased in the circulation has potential diagnostic and prognostic values in multiple clinical settings (risk stratification in cardiovascular diseases, the effect on antiplatelet drugs, differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenia, monitor platelet recovery after bone marrow or stem cell transplantation, and other diseases). There have been several studies focusing on RPs in recent years, particularly in cardiovascular disease and thrombocytopenia. In this review we summarizes the current study with regard to RPs and discuss their likely contribution in clinical routine.},
}

Humans
*Blood Platelets/metabolism

@article {pmid40034685,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, T and Ji, M and Li, T and Luo, L},
title = {The molecular and metabolic landscape of ferroptosis in respiratory diseases: Pharmacological aspects.},
journal = {Journal of pharmaceutical analysis},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {101050},
pmid = {40034685},
issn = {2214-0883},
abstract = {Ferroptosis is a form of cell death that occurs when there is an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and iron accumulation. The precise regulation of metabolic pathways, including iron, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, is crucial for cell survival. This type of cell death, which is associated with oxidative stress, is controlled by a complex network of signaling molecules and pathways. It is also implicated in various respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute lung injury (ALI), lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To combat drug resistance, it is important to identify appropriate biological markers and treatment targets, as well as intervene in respiratory disorders to either induce or prevent ferroptosis. The focus is on the role of ferroptosis in the development of respiratory diseases and the potential of targeting ferroptosis for prevention and treatment. The review also explores the interaction between immune cell ferroptosis and inflammatory mediators in respiratory diseases, aiming to provide more effective strategies for managing cellular ferroptosis and respiratory disorders.},
}

@article {pmid40034469,
year = {2024},
author = {Radheshyam, A and Ramani, VK and Naik, R},
title = {Achieving universal health coverage in India: a scoping review on the requisite public health actions.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1366355},
pmid = {40034469},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {India ; Humans ; *Universal Health Insurance ; Public Health ; Delivery of Health Care/economics ; COVID-19/epidemiology/economics ; Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In India, large inequities in health exist by geography, gender, socio-economic class, religion and caste. Universal health coverage (UHC) is envisioned to address these gaps. The deficiencies in our healthcare system cannot be solely bridged by additional investment, increasing manpower, adoption of technology or establishing regulatory Institutes. While UHC offers promise, its nation-wide implementation must be carefully planned and monitored.

OBJECTIVES: (1) To review published literature appraising the concepts of UHC such as coverage of health services and financial protection in the Indian healthcare system, (2) To review the deficiencies of the healthcare system in India and explore solutions within the framework of UHC.

METHODS: The relevant articles for review were retrieved from PubMed and Google scholar databases using pertinent text terms. This scoping review includes 12 citations and 3 other published reports which address the determinants of UHC and its impact on the healthcare system in India.

RESULTS: UHC aims to address the concept of health in all its dimensions and not merely as a response to illness. This Program's objectives include reducing the gap between the need and utilization of healthcare, improving its quality and providing financial protection. In India, the public health sector suffers from shortfalls in management, manpower issues and poor accountability, whereas the private health sector is unregulated and contributes to the increasing health expenditure. UHC will improve access to health care and prevent financial impoverishment, which will be advantageous to the rural people and urban poor including workers of the unorganized sector.

CONCLUSION: UHC enables health systems to efficiently deliver a wide range of healthcare services to the population, as well as adopt sustainable financing mechanisms. Given the current Covid-19 pandemic and the need to address future pandemics, we need to build resilient health systems as well as hasten the implementation of UHC.},
}

India
Humans
*Universal Health Insurance
Public Health
Delivery of Health Care/economics
COVID-19/epidemiology/economics
Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid40034167,
year = {2025},
author = {Rodney-Wolf, K and Schmitz, J},
title = {Scoping review: outpatient psychotherapeutic care for children and adolescents in Germany-status quo and challenges in assessment.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1480630},
pmid = {40034167},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; Germany ; Adolescent ; Child ; *Psychotherapy/statistics & numerical data ; *Ambulatory Care/statistics & numerical data ; Mental Disorders/therapy/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical data ; Outpatients/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the context of multiple global crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, and global conflicts, children and adolescents worldwide are experiencing heightened psychological stress. As the foundation for lifelong mental health is established during childhood and adolescence, early prevention and treatment of mental health problems, such as through psychotherapy, are crucial. In Germany, current outpatient psychotherapeutic care capacities appear inadequate, while systematic evaluations of the care situation are lacking. This study investigates the state of statutory health insurance-funded outpatient psychotherapeutic care for children and adolescents in Germany and evaluates various methodological approaches for its assessment.

METHODS: We conducted a scoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Publications from January 2018 to December 2023 were sourced from PubPsych, PubMed, APA PsycInfo, Google Scholar, and ProQuest. Included studies report quantitative primary data on the mental health of community samples of children and adolescents in Germany or their outpatient psychotherapeutic care.

RESULTS: We included 41 publications comprising epidemiological studies, administrative data, and psychotherapist and patient reports. A lack of systematic and standardised research approaches resulted in significant variance in data. Nonetheless, qualitative analysis revealed that approximately one four children and adolescents in Germany is affected by mental health problems, while one in six to seven children and adolescents requires psychotherapeutic treatment. Yet, only up to one in 50 receives guideline-based psychotherapy. Most requests for initial psychotherapeutic consultations are unmet, with waiting times for guideline-based psychotherapy exceeding 6 months for at least half of the patients.

CONCLUSION: Overall, our findings suggest that outpatient psychotherapeutic care for children and adolescents in Germany is still insufficient. They advocate for a systematic, multimodal, and longitudinal assessment of statutory health insurance-funded outpatient psychotherapeutic care, along with an expansion of treatment capacities to enhance access for children and adolescents in Germany.},
}

Humans
Germany
Adolescent
Child
*Psychotherapy/statistics & numerical data
*Ambulatory Care/statistics & numerical data
Mental Disorders/therapy/epidemiology
COVID-19/epidemiology
Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical data
Outpatients/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid40034093,
year = {2025},
author = {Jang, Y and Lee, H and Park, H},
title = {Surveillance System for Infectious Disease Prevention and Management: Direction of Korea's Infectious Disease Surveillance System.},
journal = {Journal of Korean medical science},
volume = {40},
number = {8},
pages = {e108},
pmid = {40034093},
issn = {1598-6357},
mesh = {Humans ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; *Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Population Surveillance ; Communicable Disease Control/methods ; World Health Organization ; },
abstract = {Emerging infectious diseases have risen sharply due to population growth, urbanization, travel, trade, and environmental changes, with outbreaks like severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and coronavirus disease 2019 highlighting the global need for effective surveillance systems. Various infectious disease surveillance systems are applied depending on the surveillance objectives, target populations, and geographical scope. While Korea has a robust surveillance system, challenges remain in integrating data, enhancing coordination, and improving response efficiency. This article reviews the types and roles of infectious disease surveillance systems through a literature review and proposes strategies for improving Korea's surveillance system by comparing it with those of other countries, including the World Health Organization (WHO). To strengthen Korea's surveillance framework, a comprehensive strategy should be implemented to interconnect multiple surveillance mechanisms and enhance real-time data sharing. A centralized data platform must integrate these systems, leveraging artificial intelligence and big data analytics for faster outbreak analysis. International collaboration through data-sharing networks with the WHO, European Center for Disease Prevention and Control, and U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is essential, along with standardized reporting formats to improve interoperability.},
}

Humans
Republic of Korea/epidemiology
*Communicable Diseases/epidemiology
Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control
Population Surveillance
Communicable Disease Control/methods
World Health Organization

@article {pmid40032584,
year = {2025},
author = {Chakraborty, C and Bhattacharya, M and Das, A and Saha, A},
title = {Regulation of miRNA in Cytokine Storm (CS) of COVID-19 and Other Viral Infection: An Exhaustive Review.},
journal = {Reviews in medical virology},
volume = {35},
number = {2},
pages = {e70026},
doi = {10.1002/rmv.70026},
pmid = {40032584},
issn = {1099-1654},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology/genetics ; *Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology/virology ; *MicroRNAs/genetics/metabolism ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Cytokines/metabolism/immunology ; Virus Diseases/immunology/genetics/virology ; },
abstract = {In the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, high case fatality was noted. The case fatality during this was associated with the cytokine storm (CS) or cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). Sometimes, virus infections are due to the excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to cytokine storms, which might be directed to ARDS, multi-organ failure, and death. However, it was noted that several miRNAs are involved in regulating cytokines during SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses such as IFNs, ILs, GM-CSF, TNF, etc. The article spotlighted several miRNAs involved in regulating cytokines associated with the cytokine storm caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses (influenza virus, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, dengue virus). Targeting those miRNAs might help in the discovery of novel therapeutics, considering CS or CSS associated with different virus infections.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/virology/genetics
*Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology/virology
*MicroRNAs/genetics/metabolism
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Cytokines/metabolism/immunology
Virus Diseases/immunology/genetics/virology

@article {pmid40032549,
year = {2025},
author = {Ganaza-Domingues, KLT and Ramos-Milaré, ÁCFH and Lera-Nonose, DSSL and Brustolin, AÁ and de Oliveira, LF and Rosa, JS and Otofuji Inada, AY and Dias Leme, AL and Pinel, BI and Perina, BS and de Souza Terron, M and da Silva Santos, T and Demarchi, IG and Lonardoni, MVC and Teixeira, JJV},
title = {Effect of Comorbidities on the Mortality of Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Reviews and Meta-Analyses.},
journal = {Reviews in medical virology},
volume = {35},
number = {2},
pages = {e70024},
doi = {10.1002/rmv.70024},
pmid = {40032549},
issn = {1099-1654},
support = {FinanceCode001//Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality/epidemiology ; *Comorbidity ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Factors ; Diabetes Mellitus/mortality/epidemiology ; Neoplasms/mortality/epidemiology/complications ; Hypertension/epidemiology/mortality/complications ; Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality/epidemiology ; Male ; Female ; },
abstract = {Studies with strong scientific evidence have demonstrated that comorbidities are associated with fatal outcomes in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. To aggregate the findings of these studies and assess the magnitude of the effect of different chronic diseases on COVID-19 mortality, we conducted a systematic review of reviews and meta-analysis. Six databases were searched to retrieve systematic reviews with meta-analysis published during the early years of the pandemic. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata v.12.0 software, and the risk ratio (RR) and odds ratio (OR), with a confidence interval of 95% (95% CI), were calculated. We selected 15 publications with 476 original articles and 2,135,888 patients. Our results indicated the following risk factors for COVID-19 mortality: diabetes mellitus (RR = 1.95; 95% CI:1.41-2.49); hypertension (RR = 1.88; 95% CI:1.51-2.26); cancer (RR = 1.84; 95% CI:1.24-2.43); cardiovascular (RR = 2.14; 95% CI:1.66-2.63), cerebrovascular (RR = 2.43; 95% CI:2.15-2.72), kidney (RR = 2.39; 95% CI:1.36-3.42), pulmonary (RR = 1.98; 95% CI:1.48-2.47) and liver diseases (OR = 1.56; 95% CI:1.18-1.94); obesity (OR = 1.15; 95% CI:1.04-1.26); smoking habits (OR = 1.18; 95% CI:1.13-1.22); and the male sex (OR = 1.69; 95% CI:1.65-1.73). Evidence has confirmed that underlying chronic conditions, which involve an imbalance in the immune response, significantly increase the risk of COVID-19 deaths.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/mortality/epidemiology
*Comorbidity
*SARS-CoV-2
Risk Factors
Diabetes Mellitus/mortality/epidemiology
Neoplasms/mortality/epidemiology/complications
Hypertension/epidemiology/mortality/complications
Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality/epidemiology
Male
Female

@article {pmid40031085,
year = {2025},
author = {Tengattini, S and Bavaro, T and Rinaldi, F and Temporini, C and Pollegioni, L and Terreni, M and Piubelli, L},
title = {Novel tuberculosis vaccines based on TB10.4 and Ag85B: State-of-art and advocacy for good practices.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {53},
number = {},
pages = {126932},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126932},
pmid = {40031085},
issn = {1873-2518},
abstract = {Tuberculosis (TB) has plagued humanity in numerous devastating forms for centuries and remains a significant health challenge. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the bacterium responsible for TB, was the leading cause of death among infectious agents until the COVID-19 pandemic emerged. Immunization with the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is one of the primary strategies to mitigate the risk of TB. Despite its widespread use, the current BCG vaccine has limited efficacy, particularly in adults. This review focuses on the rational design of vaccine candidates targeting the antigens TB10.4 and Ag85B. The review discusses the roles of TB10.4 and Ag85B in the virulence of Mtb and notes challenges in their production. Additionally, various protein conjugation strategies to enhance immunogenicity, including linking these antigens to glycans and adjuvants, are considered, as well as the most appropriate analytical methods for characterizing recombinant antigenic proteins and their conjugates. Finally, the associated challenges in developing a vaccine encompassing specific glycans and protein components were highlighted. We claim that using standardized procedures and detailed reporting in protein production and chemical modification can improve the reproducibility and rationalization of biological results. By adhering to these guidelines, the goal of developing an effective vaccine against TB will be best achieved.},
}

@article {pmid40029921,
year = {2025},
author = {Putri, ND and Laksanawati, IS and Husada, D and Kaswandani, N and Prayitno, A and Triasih, R and Hidayati, IS and Asih, R and Nurhariansyah, R and Cathleen, F and Ocviyanti, D and Hadinegoro, SR and Pelicci, D and Bines, J and Graham, SM},
title = {A systematic review of post COVID-19 condition in children and adolescents: Gap in evidence from low-and -middle-income countries and the impact of SARS-COV-2 variants.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {3},
pages = {e0315815},
pmid = {40029921},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/virology ; Adolescent ; Child ; *SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; *Developing Countries ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Child, Preschool ; },
abstract = {The long-term health consequences following COVID-19 have largely been reported in adult populations living in high-income countries. We therefore did a systematic review of post COVID-19 condition symptoms reported in children and adolescents (<18 years), aiming to identify and include publications from low- or middle-income countries (LMICs). From EMBASE, Medline, and Pubmed until the 30th of October 2023, we searched all studies reporting original and complete data of long-term outcomes of at least 20 children or adolescents under 18 years of age with a history of confirmed acute COVID-19 infection. We excluded non-English publications, pre-prints, unreviewed articles, grey literature, studies with inaccessible full text, and those limited to a specific population. Risk of Bias was assessed using STROBE guidelines for observational studies. We used descriptive narrative analysis to summarize the findings. Forty studies reporting 825,849 children and adolescents; the median age of those with persistent symptoms was consistently in the adolescent age range but not all studies included young children (<5 years). Only one study, with 58 participants aged 6-17 years, population was from a LMIC. Studies relied on symptom reporting rather than objective measures of organ dysfunction. The definition of post COVID-19 condition varied; most studies used persistent symptom duration of two or three months or more. However, since the symptom onset was not specified, it was difficult to identify which study is truly consistent with WHO's definition of post COVID-19 condition. Prevalence of post COVID-19 condition ranged from 1.8% to 70% but with marked heterogeneity between study populations and reporting criteria including the severity of acute COVID presentation. Most studies were undertaken when the Alpha variant was the predominant strain. The prevalence of post COVID-19 condition ranged from 6.7% to 70% in the Alpha variant-, 23% to 61.9% in the Delta-, 17% to 34.6% in the Omicron-, and 3.7% to 34% in the Other-variant predominated studies. The most reported symptoms were fatigue (70%), headache (37.5%) and respiratory symptoms (35%); fatigue was most reported in all variant subgroups. Only half of the studies included a control group. The variations in study population, reporting methods, reliance on symptom reporting alone and lack of control groups make it challenging to determine the impact of COVID-19 on post COVID health in children and adolescents. The lack of data from LMIC populations especially infants and young children is a major gap.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/virology
Adolescent
Child
*SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification
*Developing Countries
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Child, Preschool

@article {pmid40029778,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, J and Xiong, Y and Song, Z and Li, Y and Zhang, L and Qin, C},
title = {Progress in research on osteoporosis secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
journal = {Animal models and experimental medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ame2.12573},
pmid = {40029778},
issn = {2576-2095},
support = {2060204//State Key Laboratory Special Fund/ ; 2022B1111020005//Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province/ ; 2021-I2M-1-034,2023-I2M-2-001//Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences/ ; 82221004//The Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {The World Health Organization has declared that COVID-19 no longer constitutes a "public health emergency of international concern," yet the long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on bone health continues to pose new challenges for global public health. In recent years, numerous animal model and clinical studies have revealed that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to secondary osteoporosis. The mechanisms involved are related to the virus's direct effects on bone tissue, dysregulation of the body's inflammatory response, hypoxia, noncoding RNA imbalance, and metabolic abnormalities. Although these studies have unveiled the connection between SARS-CoV-2 infection and osteoporosis, current research is not comprehensive and in depth. Future studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 on bone density and metabolism, elucidate the specific mechanisms of pathogenesis, and explore potential interventions. This review aims to collate existing research literature on SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced secondary osteoporosis, summarize the underlying mechanisms, and provide direction for future research.},
}

@article {pmid40029063,
year = {2025},
author = {Karl, V and Hofmann, M and Thimme, R},
title = {Role of antiviral CD8+ T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.},
journal = {Journal of virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0135024},
doi = {10.1128/jvi.01350-24},
pmid = {40029063},
issn = {1098-5514},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly enhanced our understanding of CD8+ T cell immunity and their role in natural infection and vaccine-induced protection. Rapid and early SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cell responses have been associated with efficient viral clearance and mild disease. Virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses can compensate for waning, morbidity-related, and iatrogenic reduction of humoral immunity. After infection or vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD8+ T cells are formed, which mount an efficient recall response in the event of breakthrough infection and help to protect from severe disease. Due to their breadth and ability to target mainly highly conserved epitopes, SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells are also able to cross-recognize epitopes of viral variants, thus maintaining immunity even after the emergence of viral evolution. In some cases, however, CD8+ T cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. In particular, delayed and uncontrolled, e.g., nonspecific and hyperactivated, cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses have been linked to poor COVID-19 outcomes. In this minireview, we summarize the tremendous knowledge about CD8+ T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination that has been gained over the past 5 years, while also highlighting the critical knowledge gaps that remain.},
}

@article {pmid40028776,
year = {2025},
author = {Tufa, TH and Stewart, F and Meckstroth, K and Diedrich, JT and Newmann, SJ},
title = {Cervical preparation for dilation and evacuation at 12 to 24 weeks gestation.},
journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {CD007310},
pmid = {40028776},
issn = {1469-493X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Pregnancy ; *Abortion, Induced/methods ; Female ; *Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; *Misoprostol/administration & dosage ; Mifepristone/administration & dosage ; COVID-19 ; Mannitol/administration & dosage ; Cervix Uteri ; Gestational Age ; Prostaglandins/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Alprostadil/administration & dosage ; Osmosis ; Polymers ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Abortion is a common procedure. Complications associated with abortion increase as gestational age increases. Cervical preparation is recommended prior to second trimester surgical abortion. Evidence is lacking as to the most effective methods of cervical preparation.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of cervical preparation methods for people undergoing second trimester surgical abortion at gestational age between 12 and 24 0/7 weeks.

SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE ALL, Embase.com, Global Index Medicus, Scopus, and Google Scholar on 20 December 2021. We also searched reference lists, review articles, books, and conference proceedings. We contacted experts for information on other published or unpublished research. The COVID-19 pandemic greatly disrupted the writing and publication of this review; the search is outdated, but an updated search will be performed prior to the next update.

SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating any cervical preparation method for second trimester surgical abortion from 12 to 24 weeks gestation.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard Cochrane methods.

MAIN RESULTS: We identified 21 RCTs (3029 participants). Some trials were at high risk of detection and reporting bias. Prostaglandin versus osmotic dilators (4 studies, 373 participants; 12 6/7 to 20 weeks) Prostaglandin may result in little to no difference in ability to complete procedure (risk ratio [RR] 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95 to 1.03; low-certainty evidence), but probably leads to less dilation achieved (mean difference [MD] -3.58 mm, 95% CI -4.58 to -2.58; moderate-certainty evidence) when compared to osmotic dilators. Mifepristone plus 400 μg buccal misoprostol versus osmotic dilators (1 study, 49 participants; 15 0/7 to 18 0/7 weeks) Mifepristone plus misoprostol may have little to no effect on ability to complete procedure (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.08; low-certainty evidence) and procedure time (MD -0.30, 95% CI -3.46 to 2.86) when compared to osmotic dilators. The combination may lead to less dilation achieved (MD -1.67 mm, 95% CI -3.19 to -0.15; low-certainty evidence) and increased need for additional dilation (RR 1.92, 95% CI 1.16 to 3.18; low-certainty evidence) compared to osmotic dilators. 400 μg buccal misoprostol plus osmotic dilators versus placebo plus osmotic dilators (4 studies, 545 participants; 13 to 23 6/7 weeks) Misoprostol plus osmotic dilators probably has no effect on ability to complete procedure (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.02; moderate-certainty evidence), but probably increases dilation achieved (MD 1.83 mm, 95% CI 0.27 to 3.39; moderate-certainty evidence) and reduces need for additional dilation (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.84; moderate-certainty evidence) and procedure time (MD -0.99 min, 95% CI -2.05 to 0.06; moderate-certainty evidence) compared to placebo plus osmotic dilators. Mifepristone plus osmotic dilators versus placebo plus osmotic dilators (1 study, 198 participants; 16 0/7 to 23 6/7 weeks) Mifepristone plus osmotic dilators probably has little to no effect on ability to complete procedure when compared to placebo plus osmotic dilators (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.03; moderate-certainty evidence). Mifepristone plus osmotic dilators may reduce procedure time (2.46 min shorter: median, interquartile range, 9.12 min, 7.7 to 10.6; compared to 11.58 minutes, 10.0 to 13.1; low-certainty evidence) and probably increases dilation achieved (MD 2.00 mm, 95% CI 0.60 to 3.40; moderate-certainty evidence). There appears to be no effect on need for additional dilation. 400 μg buccal misoprostol plus osmotic dilators versus mifepristone plus osmotic dilators (1 study, 199 participants; 16 0/7 to 23 6/7 weeks) There is likely no difference in ability to complete procedure between groups (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.02; moderate-certainty evidence). Misoprostol plus osmotic dilators does not appear to affect procedure time, dilation achieved, and need for additional dilation compared with mifepristone plus osmotic dilators. Mifepristone plus 400 μg buccal misoprostol plus osmotic dilators compared to 400 μg buccal misoprostol plus osmotic dilators (1 study, 96 participants; 19 to 23 6/7 weeks) Mifepristone plus misoprostol plus osmotic dilators may have little to no effect on procedure time, dilation achieved, or need for additional dilation compared with misoprostol plus osmotic dilators. 400 μg buccal or vaginal misoprostol plus osmotic dilators versus 400 μg buccal or vaginal misoprostol (1 study, 163 participants; 14 to 19 6/7 weeks) There is probably no difference between groups in ability to complete procedure (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.02; moderate-certainty evidence). Misoprostol plus osmotic dilators likely increases dilation (MD 3.9 mm, 95% CI 3.1 to 4.7; moderate-certainty evidence) and reduces need for additional dilation (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.93; moderate-certainty evidence). Laminaria versus synthetic osmotic dilators (1 study, 219 participants; 13 6/7 to 24 0/7 weeks) Laminaria japonica may reduce ability to complete procedure at first attempt compared with synthetic osmotic dilators (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.96; low-certainty evidence). It is uncertain if there is a difference in procedure time between groups. Laminaria likely does not effect dilation achieved (RR 1.0, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.3; moderate-certainty evidence). Same-day Dilapan-S versus overnight laminaria (1 study, 69 participants; 13 6/7 to 17 6/7 weeks) Same-day Dilapan-S may increase procedure time (MD 2.20 min, 95% CI 0.10 to 4.30; low-certainty evidence); reduce dilation achieved (MD -11.70 mm, 95% CI -16.74 to -6.66; low-certainty evidence); and increase need for additional dilation (RR 2.83, 95% CI 1.47 to 5.46; low-certainty evidence) compared with laminaria. There appears to be no difference in ability to complete procedure.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We identified a heterogeneous body of evidence comparing different cervical priming approaches. Compared with osmotic dilators plus placebo, misoprostol plus osmotic dilators probably reduces procedure time, increases pre-procedure cervical dilation, and reduces the number of people who need additional dilation. Compared with osmotic dilators plus placebo, mifepristone plus osmotic dilators may reduce procedure time and probably increases pre-procedure cervical dilation. Overnight laminaria may reduce procedure time, increase pre-procedure dilation, and reduce need for additional dilation compared to same-day Dilapan-S. Further studies are needed that focus on both provider and patient acceptability and satisfaction.},
}

Humans
*Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Pregnancy
*Abortion, Induced/methods
Female
*Pregnancy Trimester, Second
*Misoprostol/administration & dosage
Mifepristone/administration & dosage
COVID-19
Mannitol/administration & dosage
Cervix Uteri
Gestational Age
Prostaglandins/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
Alprostadil/administration & dosage
Osmosis
Polymers

@article {pmid40026782,
year = {2025},
author = {Ikenoue, C and Fukusumi, M and Shimada, S and Shimada, T and Suzuki, M and Sugishita, Y and Matsui, T and Sunagawa, T and Saito, T},
title = {Preparedness for infectious diseases during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games: advancing the health system beyond the games.},
journal = {The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific},
volume = {55},
number = {},
pages = {101488},
pmid = {40026782},
issn = {2666-6065},
abstract = {Mass international gatherings pose significant health security challenges and demand robust preparedness for infectious diseases. Though demanding, this process can leverage heightened political and social attention to fortify core capacities. Despite Japan's advanced public health system for infectious diseases, there were still areas of vulnerabilities. Preparation for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games (Tokyo 2020) strategically enhanced the national system for infectious diseases through a three-step approach: (i) assessing risks, readiness, and gaps; (ii) addressing the identified gaps by strengthening or establishing systems; and (iii) performing operational exercises involving multiple stakeholders. COVID-19, which led to the postponement of Tokyo 2020, brought the strict public health measures taken during the event into focus. However, these primary conventional steps need to be further highlighted. Emphasizing their applicability beyond games time, this approach is a model for countries that host large-scale gatherings.},
}

@article {pmid40026299,
year = {2025},
author = {Kurmangaliyeva, SS and Madenbayeva, AM and Urazayeva, ST and Bazargaliyev, YS and Kudabayeva, KI and Kurmangaliyev, KB},
title = {The Role of Memory T-Cell Mediated Immunity in Long-term COVID-19: Effects of Vaccination Status.},
journal = {Iranian journal of medical sciences},
volume = {50},
number = {2},
pages = {61-68},
pmid = {40026299},
issn = {1735-3688},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; *Memory T Cells/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Vaccination/methods ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunologic Memory ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; },
abstract = {T-cell-mediated immunity is essential for controlling severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2) infection, preventing severe disease, and potentially reducing the risk of long-term coronavirus disease (COVID). This study investigated the impact of natural infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity on T-cell responses, with a particular emphasis on the role of memory T-cells in long-term COVID-19. The present study reviewed current literature on T-cell responses, including memory T-cell development, in individuals with natural SARS-CoV-2 infection, those vaccinated with messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, and those with hybrid immunity. It examined studies that compared T-cell activity, immune regulation, and the prevalence of long-term COVID-19 across these groups. Natural infection induces variable T-cell responses, with severe cases showing stronger but sometimes dysregulated immunological activity, which may contribute to prolonged COVID-19. Vaccination, particularly with mRNA vaccines, elicits targeted and consistent T-cell responses, including memory T-cells, reducing disease severity, and the incidence of long-term COVID-19. Hybrid immunity combines natural infection and vaccination, provides the most robust protection, enhanceds memory T-cell responses, and reduces the risk of long-term COVID-19 through balanced immune regulation. Memory T-cells play a critical role in mitigating long-term COVID-19. Vaccination significantly enhances T-cell-mediated immunity, minimizing the risk of chronic symptoms compared to natural infection alone. Hybrid immunity provides the most effective defense, emphasizing the importance of vaccination, even after natural infection, to prevent long-term COVID-19.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
*Memory T Cells/immunology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Vaccination/methods
Immunity, Cellular
Immunologic Memory
T-Lymphocytes/immunology

@article {pmid40026119,
year = {2025},
author = {Loyens, H and Detraux, J and De Hert, M},
title = {Prevalence, nature, and determinants of COVID-19-related conspiracy theories among healthcare workers: a scoping review.},
journal = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-34},
doi = {10.1192/j.eurpsy.2025.12},
pmid = {40026119},
issn = {1778-3585},
}

@article {pmid40025554,
year = {2025},
author = {Yamada, R and Futakawa, K and Xu, K and Kondo, S},
title = {Using virtual patients to enhance empathy in medical students: a scoping review protocol.},
journal = {Systematic reviews},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {52},
pmid = {40025554},
issn = {2046-4053},
mesh = {*Empathy ; Humans ; *Students, Medical/psychology ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/psychology ; Education, Medical/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Patient Simulation ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Empathy is a crucial skill that enhances the quality of patient care, reduces burnout among healthcare professionals, and fosters professionalism in medical students. Clinical practice and standardized patient-based education provide opportunities to enhance empathy, but a lack of consistency and reproducibility as well as significant dependency on resources are impediments. The COVID-19 pandemic has further restricted these opportunities, highlighting the need for alternative approaches. Virtual patients through standardized scenarios ensure consistency and reproducibility while offering safe, flexible, and repetitive learning opportunities unconstrained by time or location. Empathy education using virtual patients could serve as a temporary alternative during the COVID-19 pandemic and address the limitations of traditional face-to-face learning methods. This review aims to comprehensively map existing literature on the use of virtual patients in empathy education and identify research gaps.

METHODS: This scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute's guidelines and be reported according to PRISMA-P. The search strategy includes a comprehensive search across databases such as PubMed (MEDLINE), CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, ERIC, Google, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar, covering both published and gray literature without language restrictions. Both quantitative and qualitative studies will be included. Two independent researchers will screen all titles/abstracts and full texts for eligibility. Data will be extracted to summarize definitions of empathy, characteristics of virtual patient scenarios, and methods for measuring their impact on empathy development. Results will be presented in narrative and tabular formats to highlight key findings and research gaps.

DISCUSSION: As this review analyzes existing literature, ethical approval is not required. Findings will be actively disseminated through academic conferences and peer-reviewed publications, providing educators and researchers with valuable insights into the potential of virtual patients to enhance empathy in medical education. This study goes beyond the mere synthesis of academic knowledge by contributing to the advancement of medical education and clinical practice by clarifying virtual patient scenario design and evaluation methods in empathy education. The findings provide a critical foundation for our ongoing development of a medical education platform aimed at enhancing empathy through the use of virtual patients.},
}

*Empathy
Humans
*Students, Medical/psychology
*COVID-19/prevention & control/psychology
Education, Medical/methods
SARS-CoV-2
Patient Simulation
Pandemics

@article {pmid40024734,
year = {2025},
author = {Hisaka, A},
title = {[Promoting Research on Modeling and Simulation].},
journal = {Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan},
volume = {145},
number = {3},
pages = {223-246},
doi = {10.1248/yakushi.24-00175},
pmid = {40024734},
issn = {1347-5231},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; *Pharmacokinetics ; Drug Interactions ; Precision Medicine ; Alzheimer Disease/etiology ; Japan ; Computer Simulation ; Chronic Disease ; Pharmacology, Clinical ; Models, Biological ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Heart Failure ; Research ; Parkinson Disease ; Disease Progression ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {As I recently retired from Chiba University, I would like to describe how I began my research career, some of my accomplishments in the research field of modeling and simulation, and future prospects in this area. Here, I discuss the research topics of drug interactions, the oral absorption of drugs, analyses of between-group and individual differences in pharmacokinetics based on the theories of physiologically-based pharmacokinetics and population pharmacokinetics, and my roles in implementation of the drug interaction guideline. Furthermore, I also discuss modeling topics unrelated to pharmacokinetics, i.e., the analyses of the long-term progression of chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using individual patient information; the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; and prognostic factors of chronic heart failure with the view towards personalized medicine. After completing my Master's course at Hokkaido University, I joined a pharmaceutical company and worked as a pharmacokinetics researcher for 21 years, while obtaining my doctoral degree. I spent the next 9 years as a hospital pharmacist focusing on scientific research at the University of Tokyo Hospital, and the last 10 years as a Professor of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics at Chiba University. My career is, therefore, characterized by involvement in pharmaceutical sciences from many different perspectives. This description focuses rather on the background of the studies than scientific details.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19
*Pharmacokinetics
Drug Interactions
Precision Medicine
Alzheimer Disease/etiology
Japan
Computer Simulation
Chronic Disease
Pharmacology, Clinical
Models, Biological
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
Heart Failure
Research
Parkinson Disease
Disease Progression
Pandemics

@article {pmid40024517,
year = {2025},
author = {Akhtar, M and Hashmi, AH and Manzoor, S},
title = {The Synergistic Tapestry: unraveling the interplay of Parvovirus B19 with other viruses.},
journal = {International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107865},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107865},
pmid = {40024517},
issn = {1878-3511},
abstract = {Parvovirus (B19V) is a compact, non-enveloped, spherical virus with a single-stranded DNA genome. In immunocompetent individuals, Parvovirus B19V infection is typically asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic. However, in patients with compromised immune systems, it can lead to severe anemia and renal transplant recipients taking immunosuppressive therapies often experience B19-induced anemia and red cell aplasia. The co-infections of Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and BK virus with B19V have been reportedly investigated. This review explores the interactions of B19V with other viral pathogens and provide insight into its intricate interplay in various clinical scenarios. In HBV, B19 has been implicated in liver inflammation and disease, in HCV, B19 correlates with chronic hepatitis, which may affect the progression of the disease. Immunocompromised individuals, particularly HIV patients and renal transplant recipients often experience B19-induced anemia, which can be complicated by coinfection with CMV and BK. Pregnant women having coinfections of Parvovirus B19 with CMV are at risk for fetal developmental complications. Its coexistence with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can result in bone marrow failure. Notably, fatal cases of B19 and Influenza A/H1N1 as well as more recent cases of coinfection with SARS-CoV-2, have been reported, highlighting the complex interactions between B19V and other viral pathogens.},
}

@article {pmid40023451,
year = {2025},
author = {Bernauer, M and Waskin, H and Cossrow, N and Kaminski, A and Simon, A and Campbell, H and Patel, D},
title = {Posaconazole effectiveness in rare invasive fungal infections: A systematic literature review.},
journal = {International journal of antimicrobial agents},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107482},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2025.107482},
pmid = {40023451},
issn = {1872-7913},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Mucormycosis, hyalohyphomycosis, chromoblastomycosis, and fungal mycetoma are rare invasive fungal infections (IFIs) that cause significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Few effective treatment options are available for these IFIs.

METHODS: We performed a systematic literature review of MEDLINE and Embase to identify studies published from 2005 (year of posaconazole approval) to October 22, 2022, reporting the efficacy/effectiveness of posaconazole monotherapy or combination therapy for treating mucormycosis, hyalohyphomycosis, chromoblastomycosis, and mycetoma. Positive outcomes or positive clinical outcomes were defined as reporting of a positive efficacy/effectiveness measure (i.e., no relapse, response, cure, radiological improvement, clinical / symptom improvement, or survived therapy).

RESULTS: Of 3207 articles identified (after removing duplicates), 533 articles (mostly case reports) were included. Positive clinical outcomes with posaconazole therapy were observed in most patients with mucormycosis (74.8%, 1197/1601), hyalohyphomycosis (58.5%, 62/106), chromoblastomycosis (90.5%, 19/21), and mycetoma (100%, 5/5). Overall survival was around 70% or greater across the IFIs examined. Positive response was higher in second-line monotherapy than first-line monotherapy in mucormycosis and chromoblastomycosis. Higher mortality was observed with combination therapy than monotherapy in mucormycosis and hyalohyphomycosis infections (except for first-line use in mucormycosis). Positive clinical outcome was 78.6% and overall survival was 78.6% in 323 coronavirus disease (COVID)-associated mucormycosis infection cases.

CONCLUSION: Despite the rarity of these IFIs, substantial data have been published since posaconazole was initially approved in 2005, and the real-world case reports demonstrate that posaconazole is an effective therapeutic option alone or in combination for the treatment of these rare IFIs.},
}

@article {pmid40021803,
year = {2025},
author = {Mohammadi, KM and Shahhosseini, Z and Mohammadreza, MH and Heshmatnia, F and Nikbakht, R and Ghasemi, E and Jafari, M and Milani, H and Azizi, M},
title = {The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Domestic Violence Against Pregnant Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Brain and behavior},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {e70345},
pmid = {40021803},
issn = {2162-3279},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; *Domestic Violence/statistics & numerical data ; *Pregnant People/psychology ; Intimate Partner Violence/statistics & numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Domestic violence (DV) against women has been reported increasingly, especially during the pandemic worldwide. Exposure to DV during pregnancy is associated with various maternal and neonatal adverse consequences. Therefore, the current study aims to systematically investigate and analyze the prevalence and associated factors of DV or intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, systematic literature searches in electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Scientific Information Database, were conducted from December 2023 to May 2024. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional and cohort studies. All included studies were entered into a meta-analysis. The binomial distribution formula was used to calculate the variance of point prevalence. In addition, meta-regression was used to assess the prevalence of DV based on the sampling place and quality of the included studies. All statistical analyses were performed with Stata version 11.0, Texas, USA.

RESULTS: Of 16 studies included, 156,775 pregnant women participated, and the sample sizes varied from 215 to 77,310 individuals. According to the combining the results of 12 studies, the overall prevalence of physical, psychological, and sexual violence against pregnant women during COVID-19 was estimated at 13.83 (95% CI, 5.92%-21.73%), 40.02% (95% CI, 22.74%-57.30%), and 15.09% (95% CI, 6.49%-23.69%), respectively. The pooled prevalence of the total IPV against pregnant women during COVID-19, according to the combined results of 15 studies, was estimated at 36.82% (95% CI, 22.24%-51.40%).

CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of all types of violence against pregnant women increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to other times, the results of the present study indicated that psychological violence was the most common violence reported by pregnant women. Therefore, it seems that identifying high-risk pregnant women as victims of violence is imperative to develop preventive interventions for this vulnerable group globally.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
Female
Pregnancy
Prevalence
*Domestic Violence/statistics & numerical data
*Pregnant People/psychology
Intimate Partner Violence/statistics & numerical data
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40021428,
year = {2025},
author = {Putot, A and Garin, N and Rello, J and Prendki, V and , },
title = {Comprehensive management of pneumonia in older patients.},
journal = {European journal of internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejim.2025.02.025},
pmid = {40021428},
issn = {1879-0828},
abstract = {Pneumonia is a leading cause of death and functional decline in the older population. Diagnosis of pneumonia conventionally includes the presence of respiratory signs and symptoms, systemic signs of infection and a radiographic demonstration of lung involvement. Pneumonia diagnosis in the very old patient is compromised by atypical and unspecific presentation, resulting in a high proportion of false positive diagnosis. Chest radiograph is frequently of low quality and inconclusive in older patients. Computed tomography scan and chest ultrasound may provide valuable diagnostic confirmation in uncertain cases. Bacterial pneumonia has been mainly studied, but viruses, among which influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and respiratory syncytial virus, are increasingly recognized as major players. The decision to treat pneumonia is usually based on a triple assessment of diagnostic probability, disease severity and the general assessment of the patient (frailty, comorbidities, place of living, and goals of care). Antimicrobial treatment is probabilistic, targeting common pathogens. The optimal antibiotic treatment depends on epidemiological data, setting of acquisition, comorbidities, risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or aspiration pneumonia, and severity. Recent controlled trials have demonstrated the non-inferiority of short regimen in non-severe community acquired pneumonia, even in older individuals and a five-day antibiotic treatment is recommended in case of clinical improvement. Pneumonia management in older patients requires a comprehensive approach, including control of comorbidities (particularly cardiovascular), nutritional support, rehabilitation, and prevention of aspiration. Finally, pneumonia may be a pre-terminal event in many patients, requiring advanced-care planning and prompt instauration of palliative management.},
}

@article {pmid40021356,
year = {2025},
author = {Johnny, JD and Escobar, J and Van Cao, R and Chow, MC and Van Slooten, H and Drury, Z},
title = {The "8 D's" of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Risk: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {American journal of critical care : an official publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses},
volume = {34},
number = {2},
pages = {95-102},
doi = {10.4037/ajcc2025855},
pmid = {40021356},
issn = {1937-710X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cannula ; *Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods ; COVID-19 ; Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy is commonly used in acute respiratory failure. Despite this therapy's benefits, it also has risks, with therapy failure and intubation delay cited most frequently. Awareness of these risks is important to ensure optimal patient care and guide future research.

OBJECTIVE: To explore risk representation in the literature for acutely ill adult patients receiving high-flow nasal cannula therapy.

METHODS: A scoping review was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute method of evidence synthesis. An a priori search strategy and protocol were carried out using the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Complete, and medRxiv databases. After primary screening, data were collected using the REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) tool. Data were prepared, analyzed, and presented using Jupyter Notebook (Python 3.9.7). An online data repository was created to host the associated datasets for future work.

RESULTS: Primary screening of the 2975 results led to exclusion of 2272 records. After duplicate and redundant articles were removed, articles underwent full-text review, yielding 343 included articles. The most frequently implicated disease in high-flow nasal cannula research was COVID-19 (n = 145), with publication frequency peaking in 2022 (n = 110). All risks fell under 8 categories: deterioration, death, device-related events, delay, disposition, debility, distress, and dysphagia (the "8 D's").

CONCLUSION: Acutely ill patients receiving high-flow nasal cannula therapy encounter 8 categories of risk. Deterioration and death are the most often discussed. Device-related events, delay, disposition, debility, and distress warrant further study.},
}

Humans
*Cannula
*Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods
COVID-19
Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40021342,
year = {2025},
author = {Khalifa, AZ and Perrie, Y and Shahiwala, A},
title = {Subunit antigen delivery: emulsion and liposomal adjuvants for next-generation vaccines.},
journal = {Expert opinion on drug delivery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/17425247.2025.2474088},
pmid = {40021342},
issn = {1744-7593},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Developing new vaccines to combat emerging infectious diseases has gained more significance after the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination is the most cost-effective method for preventing infectious diseases, and subunit antigens are a safer alternative to traditional live, attenuated, and inactivated vaccines.

AREAS COVERED: Challenges in delivering subunit antigens and the status of different vaccine adjuvants. Recent research developments involving emulsion and liposomal adjuvants and their compositions and properties affecting their adjuvancy.

EXPERT OPINION: Lipid-based adjuvants, e.g. emulsions and liposomes, represent a paradigm shift in vaccine technology by enabling robust humoral and cellular immune responses with lower antigen doses, a property that is particularly critical during pandemics or in resource-limited settings. These adjuvants can optimize vaccine administration strategies by potentially reducing the frequency of booster doses, thereby improving patient compliance and lowering healthcare costs. While emulsions excel in dose-sparing and broadening immune responses, liposomes offer customization and precision in antigen delivery. However, the broader clinical application of these technologies is not without challenges. Stability issues, e.g. the susceptibility of emulsion-based adjuvants to freezing and their reliance on cold-chain logistics, pose significant barriers to their use in remote/underserved regions. Future developments will likely focus on improving manufacturing scalability and cost-effectiveness.},
}

@article {pmid40021310,
year = {2025},
author = {Rahman-Shepherd, A and Aghogho Evaborhene, N and Berman, A and Amaya, AB and Boro, E and Dar, O and Ho, ZJM and Jung, AS and Khan, M and Mohamed-Ahmed, O and Oyebanji, O and Pangestu, TE and Rashid, SF and Razavi, A and Riggirozzi, P and Legido-Quigley, H and Hsu, LY},
title = {Establishing the value of regional cooperation and a critical role for regional organisations in managing future health emergencies.},
journal = {The Lancet. Global health},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {e585-e592},
doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00500-X},
pmid = {40021310},
issn = {2214-109X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *International Cooperation ; *Global Health ; Emergencies ; Public Health ; Pandemics ; Health Policy ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the failures of global, multilateral cooperation to respond and adapt to health emergencies while observing the principles of solidarity and equity. This response has raised the question of whether the global architecture for health emergencies is fit for purpose. In this Health Policy, amid proposals to reform this architecture, we consider the potential value of regional cooperation and the role regional organisations might play in delivering effective and equitable solutions to the challenges posed by public health emergencies. Drawing on our multidisciplinary perspectives and diverse experience of geographical regions, we explore the value of regional cooperation, the role of regional organisations, where they could have the greatest impact, and the major factors affecting regional cooperation and regional organisations in managing public health emergencies. As the COVID-19 pandemic reshapes our approach to health emergencies, leveraging and integrating the capabilities of regional organisations will be crucial for improving preparedness and response efforts globally.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*International Cooperation
*Global Health
Emergencies
Public Health
Pandemics
Health Policy

@article {pmid40020648,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, P and Li, ZY and Wang, J and Liu, KZ and Wang, YR and Guo, QY and Wen, SL and Ni, PL and Zhang, QP and Wang, T and Gong, CM and Wan, W and Yi, XN and Ma, ZJ and Li, YQ and Lu, LF and Feng, RJ},
title = {Potential role for kynurenine pathway in increased COVID-19 mortality of patients with schizophrenia.},
journal = {Journal of psychiatric research},
volume = {183},
number = {},
pages = {289-295},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.02.030},
pmid = {40020648},
issn = {1879-1379},
mesh = {Humans ; *Kynurenine/metabolism ; *COVID-19/mortality/metabolism/complications ; *Schizophrenia/metabolism/mortality ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; },
abstract = {Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a common psychiatric disorder that has complex pathological mechanisms. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, patients with SCZ had substantially higher rates of infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, as well as higher COVID-19 mortality relative to patients without mental disorders. Previous studies suggested that COVID-19 and SCZ both involve the kynurenine metabolic pathway. This article reviews the characteristics of kynurenine metabolism in COVID-19 and SCZ, and considers the possibility that disordered kynurenine metabolism may be one cause of increased infection and COVID-19 mortality rates in the patients with SCZ. Several possible molecular mechanisms that could be involved in disease pathology are discussed.},
}

Humans
*Kynurenine/metabolism
*COVID-19/mortality/metabolism/complications
*Schizophrenia/metabolism/mortality
SARS-CoV-2
Metabolic Networks and Pathways

@article {pmid40019163,
year = {2025},
author = {Bi, C and He, J and Yuan, Y and Che, S and Cui, T and Ning, L and Li, Y and Dou, Z and Han, L},
title = {Metabolomic characteristics and related pathways in patients with different severity of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Journal of global health},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {04056},
pmid = {40019163},
issn = {2047-2986},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/metabolism ; *Metabolomics ; *Biomarkers/metabolism/blood ; *Severity of Illness Index ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Metabolome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite advances in metabolomic research on COVID-19, existing studies have small sample sizes and few have comprehensively described the metabolic characteristics of patients with COVID-19 at each stage. In this systematic review, we aimed to summarise the similarities and differences of biomarkers in patients with COVID-19 of different severity and describe their metabolic characteristics at different stages.

METHODS: We retrieved studies from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library published by October 2022. We performed a meta-analysis on untargeted and targeted metabolomics research data, using the ratio of means as the effect size. We compared changes in metabolite levels between patients with varying severity and controls and investigated sources of heterogeneity through subgroup analyses and meta-regression analysis.

RESULTS: We included 22 cohorts from 21 studies, comprising 2421 participants, including COVID-19 patients of varying severity and healthy controls. We conducted meta-analysis and heterogeneity analysis on the 1058 metabolites included in the study. The results indicated that, compared to the healthy control group, 23 biomarkers were associated with mild cases (P < 0.05), 3 biomarkers with moderate cases (P < 0.05), and 37 biomarkers with severe cases (P < 0.05). Pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant disturbances in amino acid metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, primary bile acid biosynthesis, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism in patients with mild, moderate, and severe disease. Additionally, we found that each severity stage exhibited unique metabolic patterns (all P < 0.05) and that the degree of metabolic dysregulation progressively worsened with increasing disease severity (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: The results of our meta-analysis indicate the similarities and differences of biomarkers and metabolic characteristics of patients with different severity in COVID-19, thereby providing new pathways for the study of pathogenesis, the development precise treatment, and the formulation of comprehensive strategies.

REGISTRATION: PROSPERO: CRD42022369937.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/metabolism
*Metabolomics
*Biomarkers/metabolism/blood
*Severity of Illness Index
SARS-CoV-2
Metabolome