@article {pmid38673323,
year = {2024},
author = {Kakulu, RK and Kimaro, EG and Mpolya, EA},
title = {Effectiveness of Point of Entry Health Screening Measures among Travelers in the Detection and Containment of the International Spread of COVID-19: A Review of the Evidence.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {21},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38673323},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology/diagnosis ; Humans ; *Mass Screening/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Travel ; Public Health ; },
abstract = {COVID-19 remains a communicable disease with the capacity to cause substantial damage to health and health systems. Enhanced health screening at points of entry (POEs) is a public health measure implemented to support early detection, prevention and response to communicable diseases, such as COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to review the available evidence on the effectiveness of POE health screening in the detection and containment of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was registered under PROSPERO and followed PRISMA guidelines in which the literature between 2019 and 2022 was retrieved from Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Global Health, CINAHL, Embase, Google Scholar and international organizations. A total of 33,744 articles were screened for eligibility, from which 43 met the inclusion criteria. The modeling studies predicted POE screening able to detect COVID-19 in a range of 8.8% to 99.6%, while observational studies indicated a detection rate of 2% to 77.9%, including variants of concern depending on the screening method employed. The literature also indicated these measures can delay onset of the epidemic by 7 to 32 days. Based on our review findings, if POE screening measures are implemented in combination with other public health interventions such as rapid tests, they may help detect and reduce the spread of COVID-19.},
}

*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology/diagnosis
Humans
*Mass Screening/methods
SARS-CoV-2
Travel
Public Health

@article {pmid38673062,
year = {2024},
author = {Pena, C and Moustafa, A and Mohamed, AR and Grubb, B},
title = {Autoimmunity in Syndromes of Orthostatic Intolerance: An Updated Review.},
journal = {Journal of personalized medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38673062},
issn = {2075-4426},
abstract = {Orthostatic intolerance is a broad term that represents a spectrum of dysautonomic disorders, including postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and orthostatic hypotension (OH), as manifestations of severe autonomic failure. While the etiology of orthostatic intolerance has not yet fully been uncovered, it has been associated with multiple underlying pathological processes, including peripheral neuropathy, altered renin-aldosterone levels, hypovolemia, and autoimmune processes. Studies have implicated adrenergic, cholinergic, and angiotensin II type I autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of orthostatic intolerance. Several case series have demonstrated that immunomodulation therapy resulted in favorable outcomes, improving autonomic symptoms in POTS and OH. In this review, we highlight the contemporary literature detailing the association of autoimmunity with POTS and OH.},
}

@article {pmid38673026,
year = {2024},
author = {Trandafir, LM and Spoiala, EL and Ghiga, G and Gimiga, N and Budescu, PD and Lupu, VV and Butnariu, L and Cojocaru, E and Paduraru, G},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases-From Expectations to Reality.},
journal = {Journal of personalized medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38673026},
issn = {2075-4426},
abstract = {Viral infections have always been considered a threat to global health, with numerous outbreaks across time. Despite the relative recent experience with coronavirus-associated diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome-2's (SARS-CoV-2) continuous evolution displays a different behavior. With a tropism for both respiratory and digestive mucosa, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) seem to share a particular common background. Current literature offers evidence that viral alteration of the immune system, inflammatory intestinal tissue damage, increased intestinal permeability, incomplete viral clearance with viral antigen persistence, and intestinal dysbiosis, might explain SARS-CoV-2-IBD relationship in terms of etiopathogenesis and evolution. The hyperinflammatory state that both entities have in common explains the lack of success of current IBD therapy, raising the need for new personalized therapeutic options, with better outcomes for IBD and COVID-19 as well. This review aims to summarize the current available data on pediatric IBD evolution, management, and outcomes in the post-COVID period, with an emphasis on the particular aspects of the SARS-CoV-2-IBD relationship in children.},
}

@article {pmid38672973,
year = {2024},
author = {Ferous, S and Siafakas, N and Boufidou, F and Patrinos, GP and Tsakris, A and Anastassopoulou, C},
title = {Investigating ABO Blood Groups and Secretor Status in Relation to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Severity.},
journal = {Journal of personalized medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38672973},
issn = {2075-4426},
abstract = {The ABO blood groups, Lewis antigens, and secretor systems are important components of transfusion medicine. These interconnected systems have been also shown to be associated with differing susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections, likely as the result of selection over the course of evolution and the constant tug of war between humans and infectious microbes. This comprehensive narrative review aimed to explore the literature and to present the current state of knowledge on reported associations of the ABO, Lewis, and secretor blood groups with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Our main finding was that the A blood group may be associated with increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and possibly also with increased disease severity and overall mortality. The proposed pathophysiological pathways explaining this potential association include antibody-mediated mechanisms and increased thrombotic risk amongst blood group A individuals, in addition to altered inflammatory cytokine expression profiles. Preliminary evidence does not support the association between ABO blood groups and COVID-19 vaccine response, or the risk of developing long COVID. Even though the emergency state of the pandemic is over, further research is needed especially in this area since tens of millions of people worldwide suffer from lingering COVID-19 symptoms.},
}

@article {pmid38672710,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, BQ and Liu, DY and Shen, TC and Lai, YR and Yu, TL and Hsu, HL and Lee, HM and Liao, WC and Hsia, TC},
title = {Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Long COVID: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38672710},
issn = {2075-1729},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in an increasing population that is experiencing a wide range of long-lasting symptoms after recovery from the acute infection. Long COVID refers to this specific condition and is associated with diverse symptoms, such as fatigue, myalgias, dyspnea, headache, cognitive impairment, neurodegenerative symptoms, anxiety, depression, and a sense of despair. The potential of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) to improve chronic fatigue, cognitive impairments, and neurological disorders has been established; therefore, the use of HBOT to treat long COVID has also been studied. We conducted a literature search between 1 January 2019 and 30 October 2023, focusing on the clinical efficacy and utility of HBOT for treating long COVID and found ten clinical studies that fit the review topic, including one case report, five one-group pretest-posttest design studies, one safety report from a randomized controlled trial (RCT), and three complete reports of RCTs. Most studies found that HBOT can improve quality of life, fatigue, cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cardiopulmonary function. Although HBOT has shown some benefits for long COVID symptoms, further rigorous large-scale RCTs are required to establish precise indications, protocols, and post-treatment evaluations.},
}

@article {pmid38672516,
year = {2024},
author = {Song, J},
title = {Adenosine Triphosphate: The Primordial Molecule That Controls Protein Homeostasis and Shapes the Genome-Proteome Interface.},
journal = {Biomolecules},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38672516},
issn = {2218-273X},
support = {A-8000711-00-00//Ministry of Education of Singapore/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; *Proteome/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism/chemistry/genetics ; Proteostasis ; Nucleic Acids/metabolism/chemistry ; Intrinsically Disordered Proteins/metabolism/chemistry/genetics ; Homeostasis ; Protein Folding ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism/chemistry/genetics ; },
abstract = {Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) acts as the universal energy currency that drives various biological processes, while nucleic acids function to store and transmit genetic information for all living organisms. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) represents the common principle for the formation of membrane-less organelles (MLOs) composed of proteins rich in intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) and nucleic acids. Currently, while IDRs are well recognized to facilitate LLPS through dynamic and multivalent interactions, the precise mechanisms by which ATP and nucleic acids affect LLPS still remain elusive. This review summarizes recent NMR results on the LLPS of human FUS, TDP-43, and the viral nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2, as modulated by ATP and nucleic acids, revealing the following: (1) ATP binds to folded domains overlapping with nucleic-acid-binding interfaces; (2) ATP and nucleic acids interplay to biphasically modulate LLPS by competitively binding to overlapping pockets of folded domains and Arg/Lys within IDRs; (3) ATP energy-independently induces protein folding with the highest efficiency known so far. As ATP likely emerged in the prebiotic monomeric world, while LLPS represents a pivotal mechanism to concentrate and compartmentalize rare molecules for forming primordial cells, ATP appears to control protein homeostasis and shape genome-proteome interfaces throughout the evolutionary trajectory, from prebiotic origins to modern cells.},
}

Humans
*Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
*Proteome/metabolism
SARS-CoV-2/metabolism/chemistry/genetics
Proteostasis
Nucleic Acids/metabolism/chemistry
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins/metabolism/chemistry/genetics
Homeostasis
Protein Folding
DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism/chemistry/genetics

@article {pmid38672267,
year = {2024},
author = {Golzardi, M and Hromić-Jahjefendić, A and Šutković, J and Aydin, O and Ünal-Aydın, P and Bećirević, T and Redwan, EM and Rubio-Casillas, A and Uversky, VN},
title = {The Aftermath of COVID-19: Exploring the Long-Term Effects on Organ Systems.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38672267},
issn = {2227-9059},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) is a complicated disease that affects millions of people all over the world. Previous studies have shown that PASC impacts 10% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients of which 50-70% are hospitalised. It has also been shown that 10-12% of those vaccinated against COVID-19 were affected by PASC and its complications. The severity and the later development of PASC symptoms are positively associated with the early intensity of the infection.

RESULTS: The generated health complications caused by PASC involve a vast variety of organ systems. Patients affected by PASC have been diagnosed with neuropsychiatric and neurological symptoms. The cardiovascular system also has been involved and several diseases such as myocarditis, pericarditis, and coronary artery diseases were reported. Chronic hematological problems such as thrombotic endothelialitis and hypercoagulability were described as conditions that could increase the risk of clotting disorders and coagulopathy in PASC patients. Chest pain, breathlessness, and cough in PASC patients were associated with the respiratory system in long-COVID causing respiratory distress syndrome. The observed immune complications were notable, involving several diseases. The renal system also was impacted, which resulted in raising the risk of diseases such as thrombotic issues, fibrosis, and sepsis. Endocrine gland malfunction can lead to diabetes, thyroiditis, and male infertility. Symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, loss of appetite, and taste were also among reported observations due to several gastrointestinal disorders. Skin abnormalities might be an indication of infection and long-term implications such as persistent cutaneous complaints linked to PASC.

CONCLUSIONS: Long-COVID is a multidimensional syndrome with considerable public health implications, affecting several physiological systems and demanding thorough medical therapy, and more study to address its underlying causes and long-term effects is needed.},
}

@article {pmid38672245,
year = {2024},
author = {Kell, DB and Lip, GYH and Pretorius, E},
title = {Fibrinaloid Microclots and Atrial Fibrillation.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38672245},
issn = {2227-9059},
abstract = {Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a comorbidity of a variety of other chronic, inflammatory diseases for which fibrinaloid microclots are a known accompaniment (and in some cases, a cause, with a mechanistic basis). Clots are, of course, a well-known consequence of atrial fibrillation. We here ask the question whether the fibrinaloid microclots seen in plasma or serum may in fact also be a cause of (or contributor to) the development of AF. We consider known 'risk factors' for AF, and in particular, exogenous stimuli such as infection and air pollution by particulates, both of which are known to cause AF. The external accompaniments of both bacterial (lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acids) and viral (SARS-CoV-2 spike protein) infections are known to stimulate fibrinaloid microclots when added in vitro, and fibrinaloid microclots, as with other amyloid proteins, can be cytotoxic, both by inducing hypoxia/reperfusion and by other means. Strokes and thromboembolisms are also common consequences of AF. Consequently, taking a systems approach, we review the considerable evidence in detail, which leads us to suggest that it is likely that microclots may well have an aetiological role in the development of AF. This has significant mechanistic and therapeutic implications.},
}

@article {pmid38672163,
year = {2024},
author = {Maniaci, A and Lavalle, S and Masiello, E and Lechien, JR and Vaira, L and Boscolo-Rizzo, P and Musa, M and Gagliano, C and Zeppieri, M},
title = {Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in the Treatment of Long COVID Olfactory Disorders: A Comprehensive Review.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38672163},
issn = {2227-9059},
abstract = {Background: Long COVID has brought numerous challenges to healthcare, with olfactory dysfunction (OD) being a particularly distressing outcome for many patients. The persistent loss of smell significantly diminishes the affected individual's quality of life. Recent attention has been drawn to the potential of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy as a treatment for OD. This comprehensive review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP therapy in ameliorating OD, especially when associated with long-term COVID-19. Methods: We executed a comprehensive search of the literature, encompassing clinical trials and observational studies that utilized PRP in treating OD limited to COVID-19. We retrieved and comprehensively discussed data such as design, participant demographics, and reported outcomes, focusing on the efficacy and safety of PRP therapy for OD in COVID-19 patients. Results: Our comprehensive analysis interestingly found promising perspectives for PRP in OD following COVID-19 infection. The collective data indicate that PRP therapy contributed to a significant improvement in olfactory function after COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: The evidence amassed suggests that PRP is a promising and safe therapeutic option for OD, including cases attributable to Long COVID-19. The observed uniform enhancement of olfactory function in patients receiving PRP highlights the necessity for well-designed, controlled trials. Such studies would help to refine treatment protocols and more definitively ascertain the efficacy of PRP in a broader, more varied patient cohort.},
}

@article {pmid38672158,
year = {2024},
author = {Itoh, K and Matsueda, S},
title = {Exploring the Potential of Humoral Immune Response to Commensal Bifidobacterium as a Biomarker for Human Health, including Both Malignant and Non-Malignant Diseases: A Perspective on Detection Strategies and Future Directions.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38672158},
issn = {2227-9059},
abstract = {In this comprehensive review, we explore the pivotal role of commensal Bifidobacterium (c-BIF) as potent non-self-antigens through antigenic mimicry, along with exploring the potential of humoral immune responses for both malignant and non-malignant disease. c-BIF, a predominant component of the human gut microbiome encompassing around 90% of the human genome, has emerged as a pivotal player in human biology. Over recent decades, there has been extensive research elucidating the intricate connections between c-BIF and various facets of human health, with particular emphasis on their groundbreaking impact on anti-cancer effects and the management of non-malignant diseases. The multifaceted role of c-BIF is explored, ranging from enhancing anti-tumor immunity to improving the efficacy of anti-cancer and anti-infectious disease strategies, and serving as predictive biomarkers for various diseases. Recent studies highlight not only c-BIF's promotion of anti-tumor immunity but also their role in enhancing the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The review emphasizes the promising avenue of manipulating the gut microbiota, particularly c-BIF, for modulating cancer immunotherapy with targeted effects on tumor cells while minimizing harm to normal tissue. In the context of infectious and inflammatory diseases, the crucial role of c-BIFs in the management of COVID-19 symptoms is examined, emphasizing their impact on the severity of and immune response to COVID-19. Furthermore, c-BIF exhibits preventive and therapeutic effects on Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) and shows promise in improving inflammatory bowel diseases. The potential application of c-BIF as a biomarker for immunotherapy is explored, with a specific emphasis on its predictive and prognostic value in cancer. Suggestions are made regarding the use of humoral immune responses to cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope peptides that share motifs with c-BIF, proposing them as potential markers for predicting overall survival in diverse cancer patients. In conclusion, c-BIF emerges as a crucial and multifaceted determinant of human health, across anti-tumor immunity to infectious and inflammatory disease management. The manipulation of c-BIF and gut microbiota presents a promising avenue for advancing therapeutic strategies, particularly in the realm of cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, this review highlights the significance of c-BIF as potent non-self-antigens via antigenic mimicry, emphasizing the importance of robust humoral immune responses against c-BIF for preventing various diseases, including inflammatory conditions. Elevated levels of circulating antibodies against c-BIF in healthy individuals may serve as potential indicators of lower risks for malignant and non-malignant diseases.},
}

@article {pmid38671455,
year = {2024},
author = {Ghasemiyeh, P and Mohammadi-Samani, S},
title = {Lessons we learned during the past four challenging years in the COVID-19 era: pharmacotherapy, long COVID complications, and vaccine development.},
journal = {Virology journal},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {98},
pmid = {38671455},
issn = {1743-422X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/adverse effects/administration & dosage ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Vaccine Development ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Drug Repositioning ; },
abstract = {About four years have passed since the detection of the first cases of COVID-19 in China. During this lethal pandemic, millions of people have lost their lives around the world. Since the first waves of COVID-19 infection, various pharmacotherapeutic agents have been examined in the management of COVID-19. Despite all these efforts in pharmacotherapy, drug repurposing, and design and development of new drugs, multiple organ involvement and various complications occurred during COVID-19. Some of these complications became chronic and long-lasting which led to the "long COVID" syndrome appearance. Therefore, the best way to eradicate this pandemic is prophylaxis through mass vaccination. In this regard, various vaccine platforms including inactivated vaccines, nucleic acid-based vaccines (mRNA and DNA vaccines), adenovirus-vectored vaccines, and protein-based subunit vaccines have been designed and developed to prevent or reduce COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality rates. In this focused review, at first, the most commonly reported clinical presentations of COVID-19 during these four years have been summarized. In addition, different therapeutic regimens and their latest status in COVID-19 management have been listed. Furthermore, the "long COVID" and related signs, symptoms, and complications have been mentioned. At the end, the effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines with different platforms against early SARS-CoV-2 variants and currently circulating variants of interest (VOI) and the necessity of booster vaccine shots have been summarized and discussed in more detail.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/adverse effects/administration & dosage
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Vaccine Development
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Drug Repositioning

@article {pmid38670977,
year = {2024},
author = {Cerneckis, J and Cai, H and Shi, Y},
title = {Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): molecular mechanisms of induction and applications.},
journal = {Signal transduction and targeted therapy},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {112},
pmid = {38670977},
issn = {2059-3635},
support = {U01 NS122101/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG072291/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; RF1 AG079307/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology ; *Cellular Reprogramming/genetics ; *COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Neoplasms/genetics/therapy/pathology ; Regenerative Medicine ; Nervous System Diseases/therapy/genetics/pathology ; },
abstract = {The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has transformed in vitro research and holds great promise to advance regenerative medicine. iPSCs have the capacity for an almost unlimited expansion, are amenable to genetic engineering, and can be differentiated into most somatic cell types. iPSCs have been widely applied to model human development and diseases, perform drug screening, and develop cell therapies. In this review, we outline key developments in the iPSC field and highlight the immense versatility of the iPSC technology for in vitro modeling and therapeutic applications. We begin by discussing the pivotal discoveries that revealed the potential of a somatic cell nucleus for reprogramming and led to successful generation of iPSCs. We consider the molecular mechanisms and dynamics of somatic cell reprogramming as well as the numerous methods available to induce pluripotency. Subsequently, we discuss various iPSC-based cellular models, from mono-cultures of a single cell type to complex three-dimensional organoids, and how these models can be applied to elucidate the mechanisms of human development and diseases. We use examples of neurological disorders, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and cancer to highlight the diversity of disease-specific phenotypes that can be modeled using iPSC-derived cells. We also consider how iPSC-derived cellular models can be used in high-throughput drug screening and drug toxicity studies. Finally, we discuss the process of developing autologous and allogeneic iPSC-based cell therapies and their potential to alleviate human diseases.},
}

Humans
*Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology
*Cellular Reprogramming/genetics
*COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2/genetics
Cell Differentiation/genetics
Neoplasms/genetics/therapy/pathology
Regenerative Medicine
Nervous System Diseases/therapy/genetics/pathology

@article {pmid38670744,
year = {2024},
author = {Boylan, S and Arsenault, C and Barreto, M and Bozza, FA and Fonseca, A and Forde, E and Hookham, L and Humphreys, GS and Ichihara, MY and Le Doare, K and Liu, XF and McNamara, E and Mugunga, JC and Oliveira, JF and Ouma, J and Postlethwaite, N and Retford, M and Reyes, LF and Morris, AD and Wozencraft, A},
title = {Data challenges for international health emergencies: lessons learned from ten international COVID-19 driver projects.},
journal = {The Lancet. Digital health},
volume = {6},
number = {5},
pages = {e354-e366},
doi = {10.1016/S2589-7500(24)00028-1},
pmid = {38670744},
issn = {2589-7500},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Information Dissemination/methods ; *Global Health ; International Cooperation ; Emergencies ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of international data sharing and access to improve health outcomes for all. The International COVID-19 Data Alliance (ICODA) programme enabled 12 exemplar or driver projects to use existing health-related data to address major research questions relating to the pandemic, and developed data science approaches that helped each research team to overcome challenges, accelerate the data research cycle, and produce rapid insights and outputs. These approaches also sought to address inequity in data access and use, test approaches to ethical health data use, and make summary datasets and outputs accessible to a wider group of researchers. This Health Policy paper focuses on the challenges and lessons learned from ten of the ICODA driver projects, involving researchers from 19 countries and a range of health-related datasets. The ICODA programme reviewed the time taken for each project to complete stages of the health data research cycle and identified common challenges in areas such as data sharing agreements and data curation. Solutions included provision of standard data sharing templates, additional data curation expertise at an early stage, and a trusted research environment that facilitated data sharing across national boundaries and reduced risk. These approaches enabled the driver projects to rapidly produce research outputs, including publications, shared code, dashboards, and innovative resources, which can all be accessed and used by other research teams to address global health challenges.},
}

*COVID-19/epidemiology
Humans
*Information Dissemination/methods
*Global Health
International Cooperation
Emergencies
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid38561114,
year = {2024},
author = {Faghy, PMA and Ashton, DRE and McNelis, MR and Arena, R and Duncan, DR},
title = {Attenuating post-exertional malaise in Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and long-COVID: Is blood lactate monitoring the answer?.},
journal = {Current problems in cardiology},
volume = {49},
number = {6},
pages = {102554},
doi = {10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102554},
pmid = {38561114},
issn = {1535-6280},
mesh = {Humans ; *Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/blood/diagnosis ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Lactic Acid/blood ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Biomarkers/blood ; },
}

Humans
*Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/blood/diagnosis
*COVID-19/complications
*Lactic Acid/blood
SARS-CoV-2
Biomarkers/blood

@article {pmid38532282,
year = {2024},
author = {Cho, JH and Suh, S},
title = {Glucocorticoid-Induced Hyperglycemia: A Neglected Problem.},
journal = {Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)},
volume = {39},
number = {2},
pages = {222-238},
doi = {10.3803/EnM.2024.1951},
pmid = {38532282},
issn = {2093-5978},
mesh = {Humans ; *Glucocorticoids/adverse effects/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; *Hyperglycemia/chemically induced ; *COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Blood Glucose/analysis/drug effects ; Insulin/administration & dosage ; Insulin Resistance ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; },
abstract = {Glucocorticoids provide a potent therapeutic response and are widely used to treat a variety of diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. However, the issue of glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia (GIH), which is observed in over one-third of patients treated with glucocorticoids, is often neglected. To improve the clinical course and prognosis of diseases that necessitate glucocorticoid therapy, proper management of GIH is essential. The key pathophysiology of GIH includes systemic insulin resistance, which exacerbates hepatic steatosis and visceral obesity, as well as proteolysis and lipolysis of muscle and adipose tissue, coupled with β-cell dysfunction. For patients on glucocorticoid therapy, risk stratification should be conducted through a detailed baseline evaluation, and frequent glucose monitoring is recommended to detect the onset of GIH, particularly in high-risk individuals. Patients with confirmed GIH who require treatment should follow an insulin-centered regimen that varies depending on whether they are inpatients or outpatients, as well as the type and dosage of glucocorticoid used. The ideal strategy to maintain normoglycemia while preventing hypoglycemia is to combine basal-bolus insulin and correction doses with a continuous glucose monitoring system. This review focuses on the current understanding and latest evidence concerning GIH, incorporating insights gained from the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}

Humans
*Glucocorticoids/adverse effects/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
*Hyperglycemia/chemically induced
*COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Blood Glucose/analysis/drug effects
Insulin/administration & dosage
Insulin Resistance
COVID-19 Drug Treatment

@article {pmid38308076,
year = {2024},
author = {Gopikrishnan, M and Haryini, S and C, GPD},
title = {Emerging strategies and therapeutic innovations for combating drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains: A comprehensive review.},
journal = {Journal of basic microbiology},
volume = {64},
number = {5},
pages = {e2300579},
doi = {10.1002/jobm.202300579},
pmid = {38308076},
issn = {1521-4028},
support = {OMI/11/2020-ECD-1//Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy/microbiology ; *Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects/genetics ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics ; Phage Therapy ; Cross Infection/microbiology/drug therapy ; COVID-19 ; Virulence Factors/genetics ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/genetics ; },
abstract = {In recent years, antibiotic therapy has encountered significant challenges due to the rapid emergence of multidrug resistance among bacteria responsible for life-threatening illnesses, creating uncertainty about the future management of infectious diseases. The escalation of antimicrobial resistance in the post-COVID era compared to the pre-COVID era has raised global concern. The prevalence of nosocomial-related infections, especially outbreaks of drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, have been reported worldwide, with India being a notable hotspot for such occurrences. Various virulence factors and mutations characterize nosocomial infections involving S. aureus. The lack of proper alternative treatments leading to increased drug resistance emphasizes the need to investigate and examine recent research to combat future pandemics. In the current genomics era, the application of advanced technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), machine learning (ML), and quantum computing (QC) for genomic analysis and resistance prediction has significantly increased the pace of diagnosing drug-resistant pathogens and insights into genetic intricacies. Despite prompt diagnosis, the elimination of drug-resistant infections remains unattainable in the absence of effective alternative therapies. Researchers are exploring various alternative therapeutic approaches, including phage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, photodynamic therapy, vaccines, host-directed therapies, and more. The proposed review mainly focuses on the resistance journey of S. aureus over the past decade, detailing its resistance mechanisms, prevalence in the subcontinent, innovations in rapid diagnosis of the drug-resistant strains, including the applicants of NGS and ML application along with QC, it helps to design alternative novel therapeutics approaches against S. aureus infection.},
}

Humans
*Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy/microbiology
*Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects/genetics
*Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics
Phage Therapy
Cross Infection/microbiology/drug therapy
COVID-19
Virulence Factors/genetics
Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/genetics

@article {pmid38227387,
year = {2024},
author = {Vakkalanka, JP and Gadag, K and Lavin, L and Ternes, S and Healy, HS and Merchant, KAS and Scott, W and Wiggins, W and Ward, MM and Mohr, NM},
title = {Telehealth Use and Health Equity for Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association},
volume = {30},
number = {5},
pages = {1205-1220},
doi = {10.1089/tmj.2023.0588},
pmid = {38227387},
issn = {1556-3669},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Telemedicine/statistics & numerical data ; *Substance-Related Disorders/therapy/epidemiology ; *Health Equity ; *Mental Disorders/therapy/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Mental Health ; Healthcare Disparities/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {Background: As a result of the COVID-19 public health emergency (PHE), telehealth utilization accelerated to facilitate health care management and minimize risk. However, those with mental health conditions and substance use disorders (SUD)-who represent a vulnerable population, and members of underrepresented minorities (e.g., rural, racial/ethnic minorities, the elderly)-may not benefit from telehealth equally. Objective: To evaluate health equality in clinical effectiveness and utilization measures associated with telehealth for clinical management of mental health disorders and SUD to identify emerging patterns for underrepresented groups stratified by race/ethnicity, gender, age, rural status, insurance, sexual minorities, and social vulnerability. Methods: We performed a systematic review in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and CINAHL through November 2022. Studies included those with telehealth, COVID-19, health equity, and mental health or SUD treatment/care concepts. Our outcomes included general clinical measures, mental health or SUD clinical measures, and operational measures. Results: Of the 2,740 studies screened, 25 met eligibility criteria. The majority of studies (n = 20) evaluated telehealth for mental health conditions, while the remaining five studies evaluated telehealth for opioid use disorder/dependence. The most common study outcomes were utilization measures (n = 19) or demographic predictors of telehealth utilization (n = 3). Groups that consistently demonstrated less telehealth utilization during the PHE included rural residents, older populations, and Black/African American minorities. Conclusions: We observed evidence of inequities in telehealth utilization among several underrepresented groups. Future efforts should focus on measuring the contribution of utilization disparities on outcomes and strategies to mitigate disparities in implementation.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Telemedicine/statistics & numerical data
*Substance-Related Disorders/therapy/epidemiology
*Health Equity
*Mental Disorders/therapy/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics
Mental Health
Healthcare Disparities/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid38217538,
year = {2024},
author = {Pai, SA and Mannan, R},
title = {Nonneoplastic pathology of the appendix: A review article, based on the recent literature.},
journal = {American journal of clinical pathology},
volume = {161},
number = {5},
pages = {418-429},
doi = {10.1093/ajcp/aqad175},
pmid = {38217538},
issn = {1943-7722},
mesh = {Humans ; *Appendix/pathology ; *COVID-19/pathology ; Appendicitis/pathology ; Cecal Diseases/pathology/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The appendix, although considered a vestigial organ, is of considerable clinical importance because acute appendicitis is a common medical problem. There are also other disease processes involving the appendix. The appendix is among the first specimens that the pathologist (and surgeon) cuts one's teeth on. Thus, there may be a tendency to underestimate the clinically and prognostically significant appendiceal pathologies.

METHODS: We provide a vade mecum of the pathologic features of a wide range of nonneoplastic appendiceal pathologies, with an emphasis on developing a practical approach to grossing, microscopy, and reporting-all with clinical and therapeutic implications. Much of this is based on literature on MEDLINE with reference to years 2008 to 2023, as well as on personal experiences and interpretations.

RESULTS: The appendix can harbor a myriad of nonneoplastic pathologies, including infections, inflammations of varying etiologies (including interval appendectomy), endometriosis, diverticulosis, and so on. Chronic appendicitis, Crohn disease, and clinical audit are recurring themes while COVID-19 is a new entity.

CONCLUSIONS: Most importantly, all pathologists should appreciate that the appendix is not as "routine" a specimen as one would want to believe.},
}

Humans
*Appendix/pathology
*COVID-19/pathology
Appendicitis/pathology
Cecal Diseases/pathology/diagnosis
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid38064549,
year = {2024},
author = {Ali, M and Sullivan, G},
title = {Racial Differences in Expanded Telemedicine Use During COVID-19: A Literature Review.},
journal = {Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association},
volume = {30},
number = {5},
pages = {1394-1400},
doi = {10.1089/tmj.2023.0370},
pmid = {38064549},
issn = {1556-3669},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/ethnology ; *Telemedicine/statistics & numerical data ; United States ; *Healthcare Disparities/ethnology/statistics & numerical data ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Health Services Accessibility ; Racial Groups/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {Background: The COVID-19 pandemic prompted the widespread adoption of telemedicine to deliver health care services while minimizing in-person contact. However, concerns persist regarding equitable access to telemedicine, especially for vulnerable populations. This study examines the utilization patterns of telemedicine by race in the United States, considering different modalities, medical specialties, and geographic regions. Methods: A comprehensive review of 26 articles published between January 2020 and August 2022 was conducted to analyze racial disparities in telemedicine use during the pandemic. Data from electronic health records and self-reported race were compiled for analysis. Variations based on geography, clinical care types, telemedicine modalities (audio or video), and study design were explored. Results: The findings indicate the presence of racial disparities in telemedicine utilization, with minority groups exhibiting lower usage rates compared with Whites. The location of outpatient clinics and clinical care types did not significantly influence telemedicine use by race. Among studies comparing telemedicine modalities, African Americans were more likely to choose audio/phone visits over video visits. Studies employing a pre-post design were less likely to identify disparities in telemedicine use by race. Conclusions: This study consistently demonstrates increasing racial disparities in telemedicine use. Future research should focus on identifying contributing factors and developing strategies to address these disparities. Policymakers should consider implementing initiatives promoting equitable access to telemedicine, including financial assistance, improved broadband infrastructure, and digital literacy programs. By addressing these barriers, telemedicine can play a crucial role in reducing health care disparities and improving access to care for all Americans.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/ethnology
*Telemedicine/statistics & numerical data
United States
*Healthcare Disparities/ethnology/statistics & numerical data
*SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics
Health Services Accessibility
Racial Groups/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid38670722,
year = {2024},
author = {Klionsky, Y and Simon Meara, A and Reid, P},
title = {Immunotherapy Toxicity Management in Clinical Practice: Building the Clinical Infrastructure for Immune-related Adverse Event Evaluation and Care.},
journal = {Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America},
volume = {50},
number = {2},
pages = {229-239},
doi = {10.1016/j.rdc.2024.01.005},
pmid = {38670722},
issn = {1558-3163},
mesh = {Humans ; *Immunotherapy/adverse effects/methods ; Neoplasms/therapy/immunology ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/diagnosis ; },
abstract = {Cancer immunotherapy is revolutionary for survival but has complications due to immunogenicity with unpredictable and potentially long-lasting autoimmune side effects known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Currently, treatment beyond corticosteroids can be complicated by the diversity of providers who are needed across a variety of clinical settings to manage irAEs. We outline the role of critical players in the management of irAEs, discuss the current limitations that exist, and propose various methodologies that can be adapted across clinical settings to tackle these needs. We aim to better understand who can be affected by irAEs and tailor diagnostics and therapeutics appropriately.},
}

Humans
*Immunotherapy/adverse effects/methods
Neoplasms/therapy/immunology
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/diagnosis

@article {pmid38668888,
year = {2024},
author = {Molnar, T and Lehoczki, A and Fekete, M and Varnai, R and Zavori, L and Erdo-Bonyar, S and Simon, D and Berki, T and Csecsei, P and Ezer, E},
title = {Mitochondrial dysfunction in long COVID: mechanisms, consequences, and potential therapeutic approaches.},
journal = {GeroScience},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38668888},
issn = {2509-2723},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has introduced the medical community to the phenomenon of long COVID, a condition characterized by persistent symptoms following the resolution of the acute phase of infection. Among the myriad of symptoms reported by long COVID sufferers, chronic fatigue, cognitive disturbances, and exercise intolerance are predominant, suggesting systemic alterations beyond the initial viral pathology. Emerging evidence has pointed to mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential underpinning mechanism contributing to the persistence and diversity of long COVID symptoms. This review aims to synthesize current findings related to mitochondrial dysfunction in long COVID, exploring its implications for cellular energy deficits, oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, metabolic disturbances, and endothelial dysfunction. Through a comprehensive analysis of the literature, we highlight the significance of mitochondrial health in the pathophysiology of long COVID, drawing parallels with similar clinical syndromes linked to post-infectious states in other diseases where mitochondrial impairment has been implicated. We discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial function, including pharmacological interventions, lifestyle modifications, exercise, and dietary approaches, and emphasize the need for further research and collaborative efforts to advance our understanding and management of long COVID. This review underscores the critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction in long COVID and calls for a multidisciplinary approach to address the gaps in our knowledge and treatment options for those affected by this condition.},
}

@article {pmid38668323,
year = {2024},
author = {Camelo, ALM and Zamora Obando, HR and Rocha, I and Dias, AC and Mesquita, AS and Simionato, AVC},
title = {COVID-19 and Comorbidities: What Has Been Unveiled by Metabolomics?.},
journal = {Metabolites},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38668323},
issn = {2218-1989},
support = {2020/16089-4//Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo/ ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about diverse impacts on the global population. Individuals with comorbidities were more susceptible to the severe symptoms caused by the virus. Within the crisis scenario, metabolomics represents a potential area of science capable of providing relevant information for understanding the metabolic pathways associated with the intricate interaction between the viral disease and previous comorbidities. This work aims to provide a comprehensive description of the scientific production pertaining to metabolomics within the specific context of COVID-19 and comorbidities, while highlighting promising areas for exploration by those interested in the subject. In this review, we highlighted the studies of metabolomics that indicated a variety of metabolites associated with comorbidities and COVID-19. Furthermore, we observed that the understanding of the metabolic processes involved between comorbidities and COVID-19 is limited due to the urgent need to report disease outcomes in individuals with comorbidities. The overlap of two or more comorbidities associated with the severity of COVID-19 hinders the comprehension of the significance of each condition. Most identified studies are observational, with a restricted number of patients, due to challenges in sample collection amidst the emergent situation.},
}

@article {pmid38668280,
year = {2024},
author = {Fabrizi, F and Nardelli, L and Regalia, A and Zanoni, F and Castellano, G},
title = {Are Kidneys Affected by SARS-CoV-2 Infection? An Updated Review on COVID-19-Associated AKI.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38668280},
issn = {2076-0817},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Human kidneys are an important target of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and many renal abnormalities have been found in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, including proteinuria, hematuria, and acute kidney injury. Acute kidney injury is now considered a common complication of COVID-19, and the epidemiology of AKI in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients continues to be controversial.

AIM AND METHODS: We have carried out a narrative review to evaluate the frequency and risk factors for AKI among patients hospitalized due to COVID-19, and the latest surveys on this topic have been included. The mechanisms by which AKI occurs in COVID-19 patients have also been reviewed.

RESULTS: Multiple risk factors for the development of AKI in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection have been identified; these have been classified in various groups (management and background factors, among others). SARS-CoV-2 targets the kidneys by indirect activity, but SARS-CoV-2 infects tubular epithelial cells and podocytes. We retrieved 24 reports (n = 502,593 unique patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection) and found an incidence of AKI of 31.8% (range, 0.5% to 56.9%). Only a minority (n = 2) of studies had a prospective design. We found that the AKI risk was greater in SARS-CoV-2 patients who underwent in-hospital deaths vs. those who survived; the summary estimate of the unadjusted RR of AKI was 2.63 (95% CI, 2.37; 2.93) (random-effects model). A stratified analysis showed that the incidence of AKI was greater in those reports where the frequency of COVID-19-positive patients having comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and advanced age) was high. The unadjusted relative risk (aRR) of AKI was greater in SARS-CoV-2 patients who underwent ICU admission vs. those who did not; the pooled estimate of AKI risk was 2.64 (95% CI, 1.96; 3.56) according to the random-effects model.

CONCLUSIONS: AKI is a common complication of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, and some comorbidities are important risk factors for it. The direct activity of the virus on the kidneys has been mentioned in the pathogenesis of AKI in SARS-CoV-2 patients. Further studies are ongoing in order to identify the mechanisms underlying the kidney injury in this population. The role of AKI on survival in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients is another area of active investigation.},
}

@article {pmid38668269,
year = {2024},
author = {Silva, MJA and Santana, DS and Lima, MBM and Silva, CS and de Oliveira, LG and Monteiro, EOL and Dias, RDS and Pereira, BKB and Nery, PADS and Ferreira, MAS and Sarmento, MAS and Ayin, AAN and Mendes de Oliveira, AC and Lima, KVB and Lima, LNGC},
title = {Assessment of the Risk Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Prevalence between Cats and Dogs in America and Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38668269},
issn = {2076-0817},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic represented a huge obstacle for public health and demonstrated weaknesses in surveillance and health promotion systems around the world. Its etiological agent, SARS-CoV-2, of zoonotic origin, has been the target of several studies related to the control and prevention of outbreaks and epidemics of COVID-19 not only for humans but also for animals. Domestic animals, such as dogs and cats, have extensive contact with humans and can acquire the infection both naturally and directly from humans. The objective of this article was to summarize the seroprevalence findings of SARS-CoV-2 in dogs and cats and correlate them with the strength of infection risk between each of them. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis following the recommendations of PRISMA 2020. The search and selection of papers was carried out using in vivo experimental works with animals using the descriptors (MeSH/DeCS) "Animal", "Public Health", "SARS-CoV-2" and "Pandemic" (together with AND) in English, Portuguese or Spanish for Science Direct, PUBMED, LILACS and SciELO databases. The ARRIVE checklist was used for methodological evaluation and the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v2.2 software with the Difference Risk (RD) test to evaluate statistical inferences (with subgroups by continent). Cats showed greater susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 compared to dogs both in a joint analysis of studies (RD = 0.017; 95% CI = 0.008-0.025; p < 0.0001) and in the American subgroup (RD = 0.053; 95% CI = 0.032-0.073; p < 0.0001), unlike the lack of significant difference on the European continent (RD = 0.009; 95% CI = -0.001-0.018; p = 0.066). Therefore, it was observed that cats have a greater interest in health surveillance due to the set of biological and ecological aspects of these animals, but also that there are a set of factors that can influence the spread and possible spillover events of the virus thanks to the anthropozoonotic context.},
}

@article {pmid38668230,
year = {2024},
author = {Quek, ZBR and Ng, SH},
title = {Hybrid-Capture Target Enrichment in Human Pathogens: Identification, Evolution, Biosurveillance, and Genomic Epidemiology.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38668230},
issn = {2076-0817},
support = {NA//Ministry of Defence/ ; },
abstract = {High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has revolutionised the field of pathogen genomics, enabling the direct recovery of pathogen genomes from clinical and environmental samples. However, pathogen nucleic acids are often overwhelmed by those of the host, requiring deep metagenomic sequencing to recover sufficient sequences for downstream analyses (e.g., identification and genome characterisation). To circumvent this, hybrid-capture target enrichment (HC) is able to enrich pathogen nucleic acids across multiple scales of divergences and taxa, depending on the panel used. In this review, we outline the applications of HC in human pathogens-bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses-including identification, genomic epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance genotyping, and evolution. Importantly, we explored the applicability of HC to clinical metagenomics, which ultimately requires more work before it is a reliable and accurate tool for clinical diagnosis. Relatedly, the utility of HC was exemplified by COVID-19, which was used as a case study to illustrate the maturity of HC for recovering pathogen sequences. As we unravel the origins of COVID-19, zoonoses remain more relevant than ever. Therefore, the role of HC in biosurveillance studies is also highlighted in this review, which is critical in preparing us for the next pandemic. We also found that while HC is a popular tool to study viruses, it remains underutilised in parasites and fungi and, to a lesser extent, bacteria. Finally, weevaluated the future of HC with respect to bait design in the eukaryotic groups and the prospect of combining HC with long-read HTS.},
}

@article {pmid38667755,
year = {2024},
author = {Naidoo, L and Arumugam, T and Ramsuran, V},
title = {Narrative Review Explaining the Role of HLA-A, -B, and -C Molecules in COVID-19 Disease in and around Africa.},
journal = {Infectious disease reports},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {380-406},
pmid = {38667755},
issn = {2036-7430},
support = {FLAIR-FLR/R1/190204//FLAIR/ ; DEL-15-006//DELTAS/ ; GSKNVS2/202101/005//Novartis and GSK R&D/ ; },
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has left a devasting effect on various regions globally. Africa has exceptionally high rates of other infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and malaria, and was not impacted by COVID-19 to the extent of other continents Globally, COVID-19 has caused approximately 7 million deaths and 700 million infections thus far. COVID-19 disease severity and susceptibility vary among individuals and populations, which could be attributed to various factors, including the viral strain, host genetics, environment, lifespan, and co-existing conditions. Host genetics play a substantial part in COVID-19 disease severity among individuals. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) was previously been shown to be very important across host immune responses against viruses. HLA has been a widely studied gene region for various disease associations that have been identified. HLA proteins present peptides to the cytotoxic lymphocytes, which causes an immune response to kill infected cells. The HLA molecule serves as the central region for infectious disease association; therefore, we expect HLA disease association with COVID-19. Therefore, in this narrative review, we look at the HLA gene region, particularly, HLA class I, to understand its role in COVID-19 disease.},
}

@article {pmid38667532,
year = {2024},
author = {Crupi, L and Ardizzone, A and Calapai, F and Scuderi, SA and Benedetto, F and Esposito, E and Capra, AP},
title = {The Impact of COVID-19 on Amputation and Mortality Rates in Patients with Acute Limb Ischemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38667532},
issn = {2079-9721},
abstract = {Since the inception of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, healthcare systems around the world observed an increased rate of Acute Limb Ischemia (ALI) in patients with a COVID-19 infection. Despite several pieces of evidence suggesting that COVID-19 infection may also worsen the prognosis associated with ALI, only a small number of published studies include a direct comparison regarding the outcomes of both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ALI patients. Based on the above, a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the literature were conducted, evaluating differences in the incidence of two major outcomes (amputation and mortality rate) between patients concurrently affected by COVID-19 and negative ALI subjects. PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, and Embase (OVID) databases were scrutinized from January 2020 up to 31 December 2023, and 7906 total articles were recovered. In total, 11 studies (n: 15,803 subjects) were included in the systematic review, and 10 of them (15,305 patients) were also included in the meta-analysis. Across all the studies, COVID-19-positive ALI patients experienced worse outcomes (mortality rates ranging from 6.7% to 47.2%; amputation rates ranging from 7.0% to 39.1%) compared to non-infected ALI patients (mortality rates ranging from 3.1% to 16.7%; amputation rates ranging from 2.7% to 18%). Similarly, our meta-analysis shows that both the amputation rate (OR: 2.31; 95% CI: 1.68-3.17; p < 0.00001) and mortality (OR: 3.64; 95% CI: 3.02-4.39; p < 0.00001) is significantly higher in COVID-19 ALI patients compared to ALI patients.},
}

@article {pmid38666878,
year = {2024},
author = {Paradiso, B and Pauza, DH and Limback, C and Ottaviani, G and Thiene, G},
title = {From Psychostasis to the Discovery of Cardiac Nerves: The Origins of the Modern Cardiac Neuromodulation Concept.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38666878},
issn = {2079-7737},
abstract = {This review explores the historical development of cardiology knowledge, from ancient Egyptian psychostasis to the modern comprehension of cardiac neuromodulation. In ancient Egyptian religion, psychostasis was the ceremony in which the deceased was judged before gaining access to the afterlife. This ritual was also known as the "weighing of the heart" or "weighing of the soul". The Egyptians believed that the heart, not the brain, was the seat of human wisdom, emotions, and memory. They were the first to recognize the cardiocentric nature of the body, identifying the heart as the center of the circulatory system. Aristotle (fourth century BC) considered the importance of the heart in human physiology in his philosophical analyses. For Galen (third century AD), the heart muscle was the site of the vital spirit, which regulated body temperature. Cardiology knowledge advanced significantly in the 15th century, coinciding with Leonardo da Vinci and Vesalius's pioneering anatomical and physiological studies. It was William Harvey, in the 17th century, who introduced the concept of cardiac circulation. Servet's research and Marcello Malpighi's discovery of arterioles and capillaries provided a more detailed understanding of circulation. Richard Lower emerged as the foremost pioneer of experimental cardiology in the late 17th century. He demonstrated the heart's neural control by tying off the vagus nerve. In 1753, Albrecht von Haller, a professor at Göttingen, was the first to discover the heart's automaticity and the excitation of muscle fibers. Towards the end of the 18th century, Antonio Scarpa challenged the theories of Albrecht von Haller and Johann Bernhard Jacob Behrends, who maintained that the myocardium possessed its own "irritability", on which the heartbeat depended, and was independent of neuronal sensitivity. Instead, Scarpa argued that the heart required innervation to maintain life, refuting Galenic notions. In contemporary times, the study of cardiac innervation has regained prominence, particularly in understanding the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) infection (PASC), which frequently involves cardiorespiratory symptoms and dysregulation of the intrinsic cardiac innervation. Recently, it has been recognized that post-acute sequelae of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) due to other pathogens can also be a cause of long-term vegetative and somatic symptoms. Understanding cardiac innervation and modulation can help to recognize and treat long COVID and long non-COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) ARIs. This analysis explores the historical foundations of cardiac neuromodulation and its contemporary relevance. By focusing on this concept, we aim to bridge the gap between historical understanding and modern applications. This will illuminate the complex interplay between cardiac function, neural modulation, cardiovascular health, and disease management in the context of long-term cardiorespiratory symptoms and dysregulation of intrinsic cardiac innervations.},
}

@article {pmid38666563,
year = {2024},
author = {Ope, M and Musyoka, R and Kiogora, J and Wambugu, J and Hunsperger, E and Emukule, GO and Munyua, P and Juma, B and Simiyu, E and Gagnidze, L and Burton, J and Eidex, RB},
title = {Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Kakuma Refugee Camp Complex, Kenya, 2020-2021[1].},
journal = {Emerging infectious diseases},
volume = {30},
number = {5},
pages = {900-907},
pmid = {38666563},
issn = {1080-6059},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/mortality ; Kenya/epidemiology ; Adult ; *Refugee Camps ; Male ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Female ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; Adolescent ; Child ; *Refugees/statistics & numerical data ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Aged ; Incidence ; },
abstract = {Understanding SARS-CoV-2 infection in populations at increased risk for poor health is critical to reducing disease. We describe the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Kakuma Refugee Camp Complex, Kenya. We performed descriptive analyses of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the camp and surrounding community during March 16, 2020‒December 31, 2021. We identified cases in accordance with national guidelines.We estimated fatality ratios and attack rates over time using locally weighted scatterplot smoothing for refugees, host community members, and national population. Of the 18,864 SARS-CoV-2 tests performed, 1,024 were positive, collected from 664 refugees and 360 host community members. Attack rates were 325.0/100,000 population (CFR 2.9%) for refugees,150.2/100,000 population (CFR 1.11%) for community, and 628.8/100,000 population (CFR 1.83%) nationwide. During 2020-2021, refugees experienced a lower attack rate but higher CFR than the national population, underscoring the need to prioritize SARS-CoV-2 mitigation measures, including vaccination.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/mortality
Kenya/epidemiology
Adult
*Refugee Camps
Male
*SARS-CoV-2
Female
Young Adult
Middle Aged
Adolescent
Child
*Refugees/statistics & numerical data
Child, Preschool
Infant
Aged
Incidence

@article {pmid38666127,
year = {2023},
author = {Zhang, X and Wu, Z and He, Q},
title = {A mini-review on how the COVID-19 pandemic affected intertemporal choice.},
journal = {Psychoradiology},
volume = {3},
number = {},
pages = {kkad021},
pmid = {38666127},
issn = {2634-4416},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has extremely harmful effects on individual lifestyles, and at present, people must make financial or survival decisions under the profound changes frequently. Although it has been reported that COVID-19 changed decision-making patterns, the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. This mini-review focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on intertemporal choice, and potential psychological, biological, and social factors that mediate this relationship. A search of the Web of Science electronic database yielded 23 studies. The results showed that under the COVID-19 pandemic, people tended to choose immediate and smaller rewards, and became less patient. In particular, people with negative emotions, in a worse condition of physical health, or who did not comply with their government restriction rules tended to become more "short-sighted" in behavioral terms. Future studies should examine more longitudinal and cross-cultural research to give a broad view about the decision-making change under the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}

@article {pmid38666042,
year = {2023},
author = {Kashfi, K and Anbardar, N and Asadipooya, A and Asadipooya, K},
title = {Type 1 Diabetes and COVID-19: A Literature Review and Possible Management.},
journal = {International journal of endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {21},
number = {4},
pages = {e139768},
pmid = {38666042},
issn = {1726-9148},
abstract = {CONTEXT: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection normally damages the respiratory system but might likewise impair endocrine organs' function. Thyroid dysfunction and hyperglycemia are common endocrine complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and associated complications, including diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hospitalization, and death, are thought to have increased during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this study was to review the available data about the incidence rate of T1D and accompanying complications since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.

EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A literature review was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar. The keywords "T1D, T1DM, Type 1 DM or Type 1 Diabetes", "Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19" were used to search these databases. Titles and abstracts were screened for selection, and then relevant studies were reviewed in full text.

RESULTS: A total of 25 manuscripts out of 304 identified studies were selected. There were 15 (60%) multicenter or nationwide studies. The data about the incidence rate of T1D, hospitalization, and death are not consistent across countries; however, DKA incidence and severity seem to be higher during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study's data collection demonstrated that COVID-19 might or might not increase the incidence of T1D. Nevertheless, it is associated with the higher incidence and severity of DKA in T1D patients. This finding might indicate that antivirals are not fully protective against the endocrine complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which promotes the application of an alternative approach.

CONCLUSIONS: Combining medications that reduce SARS-CoV-2 entry into the cells and modulate the immune response to infection is an alternative practical approach to treating COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid38666026,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, S and Pu, Y and Liu, J and Li, L and An, C and Wu, Y and Zhang, W and Zhang, W and Qu, S and Yan, W},
title = {Exploring the multifaceted potential of (R)-ketamine beyond antidepressant applications.},
journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1337749},
pmid = {38666026},
issn = {1663-9812},
abstract = {(R, S)- and (S)-ketamine have made significant progress in the treatment of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and have become a research focus in recent years. However, they both have risks of psychomimetic effects, dissociative effects, and abuse liability, which limit their clinical use. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have shown that (R)-ketamine has a more efficient and lasting antidepressant effect with fewer side effects compared to (R, S)- and (S)-ketamine. However, a recent small-sample randomized controlled trial found that although (R)-ketamine has a lower incidence of adverse reactions in adult TRD treatment, its antidepressant efficacy is not superior to the placebo group, indicating its antidepressant advantage still needs further verification and clarification. Moreover, an increasing body of research suggests that (R)-ketamine might also have significant applications in the prevention and treatment of medical fields or diseases such as cognitive disorders, perioperative anesthesia, ischemic stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, substance use disorders, inflammatory diseases, COVID-19, and organophosphate poisoning. This article briefly reviews the mechanism of action and research on antidepressants related to (R)-ketamine, fully revealing its application potential and development prospects, and providing some references and assistance for subsequent expanded research.},
}

@article {pmid38665915,
year = {2024},
author = {Bhargavi, G and Subbian, S},
title = {The causes and consequences of trained immunity in myeloid cells.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1365127},
pmid = {38665915},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; *Immunity, Innate ; *Immunologic Memory ; *Myeloid Cells/immunology ; Trained Immunity ; },
abstract = {Conventionally, immunity in humans has been classified as innate and adaptive, with the concept that only the latter type has an immunological memory/recall response against specific antigens or pathogens. Recently, a new concept of trained immunity (a.k.a. innate memory response) has emerged. According to this concept, innate immune cells can exhibit enhanced responsiveness to subsequent challenges, after initial stimulation with antigen/pathogen. Thus, trained immunity enables the innate immune cells to respond robustly and non-specifically through exposure or re-exposure to antigens/infections or vaccines, providing enhanced resistance to unrelated pathogens or reduced infection severity. For example, individuals vaccinated with BCG to protect against tuberculosis were also protected from malaria and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Epigenetic modifications such as histone acetylation and metabolic reprogramming (e.g. shift towards glycolysis) and their inter-linked regulations are the key factors underpinning the immune activation of trained cells. The integrated metabolic and epigenetic rewiring generates sufficient metabolic intermediates, which is crucial to meet the energy demand required to produce proinflammatory and antimicrobial responses by the trained cells. These factors also determine the efficacy and durability of trained immunity. Importantly, the signaling pathways and regulatory molecules of trained immunity can be harnessed as potential targets for developing novel intervention strategies, such as better vaccines and immunotherapies against infectious (e.g., sepsis) and non-infectious (e.g., cancer) diseases. However, aberrant inflammation caused by inappropriate onset of trained immunity can lead to severe autoimmune pathological consequences, (e.g., systemic sclerosis and granulomatosis). In this review, we provide an overview of conventional innate and adaptive immunity and summarize various mechanistic factors associated with the onset and regulation of trained immunity, focusing on immunologic, metabolic, and epigenetic changes in myeloid cells. This review underscores the transformative potential of trained immunity in immunology, paving the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for various infectious and non-infectious diseases that leverage innate immune memory.},
}

Animals
Humans
*Epigenesis, Genetic
*Immunity, Innate
*Immunologic Memory
*Myeloid Cells/immunology
Trained Immunity

@article {pmid38627208,
year = {2024},
author = {Daoud, A and Soliman, K and Posadas Salas, MA and Uehara, G and Vaishnav, S and Cheungpasitporn, W and Casey, MJ},
title = {COVID-19 and renal allograft rejection: insight from controlled and non-controlled studies.},
journal = {Renal failure},
volume = {46},
number = {1},
pages = {2336126},
pmid = {38627208},
issn = {1525-6049},
mesh = {Humans ; Allografts ; *COVID-19/complications ; Graft Rejection ; Kidney ; *Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects ; Transplant Recipients ; },
abstract = {AIM: Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), due to their immunosuppressed status, are potentially more susceptible to both the severe effects of COVID-19 and complications in their transplanted organ. The aim of this study is to investigate whether COVID-19 infection increases the risk of rejection in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs).

METHODS: This study involved a detailed literature review, conducted using PubMed, with the search being completed by September 7th, 2023. The search strategy incorporated a combination of relevant keywords: 'COVID', 'Renal', 'Kidney', 'Transplant', and 'Rejection'. The results from controlled and uncontrolled studies were separately collated and analyzed.

RESULTS: A total of 11 studies were identified, encompassing 1,179 patients. Among these, two controlled studies reported the incidence of rejection in KTRs infected with COVID-19. Pooling data from these studies revealed no significant statistical correlation between COVID-19 infection and biopsy-proven rejection (p = 0.26). In addition, nine non-controlled studies were found, with rejection incidences ranging from 0% to 66.7%. The majority of these studies (eight out of nine) had small sample sizes, ranging from 3 to 75 KTRs, while the largest included 372 KTRs. The combined rejection rate across these studies was calculated to be 11.8%.

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the limited number of published controlled studies revealed no statistically significant association between COVID-19 infection and biopsy-proven rejection among KTRs. However, the broader analysis of non-controlled studies showed a variable rejection incidence with a pooled rejection rate of 11.8%. There is insufficient high-quality data to explore the association of COVID-19 infection and rejection.},
}

Humans
Allografts
*COVID-19/complications
Graft Rejection
Kidney
*Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects
Transplant Recipients

@article {pmid38413389,
year = {2024},
author = {Lopuhaä, B and Voorham, QJM and van Kemenade, FJ and von der Thüsen, JH},
title = {COVID-19 in the Netherlands: lessons from a nationwide query of dutch autopsy, histology, and cytology pathological reports.},
journal = {Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology},
volume = {484},
number = {3},
pages = {429-439},
pmid = {38413389},
issn = {1432-2307},
support = {10430012010016/ZONMW_/ZonMw/Netherlands ; },
mesh = {Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Autopsy ; *COVID-19/pathology ; Lung/pathology ; Netherlands/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/pathology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Thrombosis/pathology ; },
abstract = {Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, autopsies have played a valuable role in understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19. In this study, we have analyzed COVID-19-related pathology reports from autopsies, histology, and cytology on a nationwide level. Pathology reports from all 43 pathology laboratories in the Netherlands stating "COVID," "Corona," and/or "SARS" were queried from the Dutch Nationwide Pathology Database (Palga). Consecutive reports of the included patients were also retrieved. Out of 5065 entries, a total of 1833 eligible COVID-19-related pathology reports between January 2020 and June 2021 were included in this collection of reports. Lung histopathology reports reflected differences in the severity of abnormalities (acute diffuse alveolar damage, alveolar histiocytes, and thrombi during the first three pandemic waves (Wuhan variant) versus the fourth wave (alpha variant)). Autopsy reports from 2020 state significantly shorter disease duration and younger age of death compared to autopsy reports from 2021. All reports together reflected a more granular pathology with comorbidities such as chronic histiocytic intervillositis, perniosis, and thrombi found in a variety of organs (lungs, kidneys, and small and large intestines). This nationwide overview of pathology reports provides data related to deaths as well as comorbidities in a clinical setting of COVID-19. Certain findings reported in SARS-CoV-infected lungs and placentas were also reported in post-COVID-19 tissue of the same kind. Consecutive reports after the earliest reports with COVID-19 allowed for follow-up reports. These follow-up reports can help with post-viral studies regarding long-term effects of COVID-19 as well as identifying the effects of different SARS-CoV-2 variants.},
}

Female
Humans
Pregnancy
Autopsy
*COVID-19/pathology
Lung/pathology
Netherlands/epidemiology
Pandemics
*Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/pathology
SARS-CoV-2
*Thrombosis/pathology

@article {pmid38665883,
year = {2024},
author = {Schramm, L and Carbon, CC},
title = {Critical success factors for creating sustainable digital health applications: A systematic review of the German case.},
journal = {Digital health},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {20552076241249604},
pmid = {38665883},
issn = {2055-2076},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of digital technologies to address social needs, leading to increased investments in digital healthcare applications. Germany implemented a special law called the "Digitales Versorgungsgesetz" (DVG-Digital Supply Act) in 2019, which enables the reimbursement of digital health applications, including digital therapeutics (DTx), through a fast-track process. The Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), the German federal authority responsible for overseeing digital health applications, has implemented legislative adjustments since the law's introduction, which have increased requirements for these applications and potentially led to the removal of some from the directory as well as a slowdown in the addition of new ones. To counteract this trend, this work aimed to identify key success factors for digital health applications (DiGAs).

METHODS: This research identifies critical success factors through a structured literature review for developing sustainable digital health applications within the European healthcare systems, specifically DiGAs. The study aims to support the ongoing digital transformation in healthcare.

RESULTS: The identified success factors that significantly impact the sustainability of DiGAs include patient-centered design, application effectiveness, user-friendliness, and adherence to data protection and information security regulations using standardized approaches. These factors are crucial in preventing the failure of DiGA manufacturers in European countries.

CONCLUSION: By considering and implementing these critical success factors, DiGA manufacturers can enhance their chances of long-term success and contribute to the digital transformation of the healthcare system in Europe.},
}

@article {pmid38665231,
year = {2024},
author = {Tran, DT and Batchu, SN and Advani, A},
title = {Interferons and interferon-related pathways in heart disease.},
journal = {Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1357343},
pmid = {38665231},
issn = {2297-055X},
abstract = {Interferons (IFNs) and IFN-related pathways play key roles in the defence against microbial infection. However, these processes may also be activated during the pathogenesis of non-infectious diseases, where they may contribute to organ injury, or function in a compensatory manner. In this review, we explore the roles of IFNs and IFN-related pathways in heart disease. We consider the cardiac effects of type I IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs); the emerging role of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway; the seemingly paradoxical effects of the type II IFN, IFN-γ; and the varied actions of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of transcription factors. Recombinant IFNs and small molecule inhibitors of mediators of IFN receptor signaling are already employed in the clinic for the treatment of some autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancers. There has also been renewed interest in IFNs and IFN-related pathways because of their involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and because of the relatively recent emergence of cGAS-STING as a pattern recognition receptor-activated pathway. Whether these advances will ultimately result in improvements in the care of those experiencing heart disease remains to be determined.},
}

@article {pmid38664834,
year = {2024},
author = {Thompson, N and Kyaw, KWY and Singh, L and Cikomola, JC and Singh, NS and Roberts, B},
title = {The effect of COVID-19 on the non-COVID health outcomes of crisis-affected peoples: a systematic review.},
journal = {Conflict and health},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {37},
pmid = {38664834},
issn = {1752-1505},
support = {U01 GH002319/GH/CGH CDC HHS/United States ; U01GH002319/CC/CDC HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic posed considerable risks to populations affected by humanitarian crises in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is limited understanding of how the pandemic may have affected non-COVID health outcomes among crisis-affected populations. Our aim was to examine the evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID-19 health outcomes for crisis-affected populations in LMICs.

METHODS: A systematic review methodology was applied following PRISMA guidelines. Eligibility criteria were: crisis-affected populations in LMICS; COVID-19; and all health topics, except for sexual and reproductive health which was covered in a linked review. Five bibliographic databases and additional grey literature sources were searched. The search period was from 2019 to 31 July 2022. Eligible papers were extracted and analysed using a narrative synthesis approach based on the study objectives and relevant health access and systems frameworks. A quality appraisal was also conducted.

FINDINGS: 4320 articles were screened, and 15 eligible studies were identified and included in this review. Ten studies collected health outcomes data. Eight related to mental health, which generally showed worse mental health outcomes because of the pandemic, and pandemic-related stressors were identified. Two studies assessed physical health outcomes in children, while none addressed physical health outcomes among adults. Nine studies reported on access to healthcare, revealing worse access levels due to the pandemic and noting key barriers to care. Seven studies reported on the impact on health systems, with key challenges including reduced and distorted health care funding, reduced staff capacity, interrupted medicines and supplies, weak information and mixed-messaging, and weak leadership. All fifteen studies on the social determinants of health, particularly highlighting the effect of increasing poverty, the role of gender, and food insecurity on health outcomes. The quality of papers was limited overall.

CONCLUSION: This review found some limited evidence indicating negative mental health effects, increased barriers to accessing care, damage to health systems and magnified impacts on the social determinants of health for crisis-affected people during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the small number and limited quality of the studies make the overall strength of evidence quite weak.},
}

@article {pmid38664544,
year = {2024},
author = {Lo, JO and Hedges, JC and Chou, WH and Tager, KR and Bachli, ID and Hagen, OL and Murphy, SK and Hanna, CB and Easley, CA},
title = {Influence of substance use on male reproductive health and offspring outcomes.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Urology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38664544},
issn = {1759-4820},
support = {DP1 DA056493/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; P51 OD011092/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {The prevalence of substance use globally is rising and is highest among men of reproductive age. In Africa, and South and Central America, cannabis use disorder is most prevalent and in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, Central America, Canada and the USA, opioid use disorder predominates. Substance use might be contributing to the ongoing global decline in male fertility, and emerging evidence has linked paternal substance use with short-term and long-term adverse effects on offspring development and outcomes. This trend is concerning given that substance use is increasing, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. Preclinical studies have shown that male preconception substance use can influence offspring brain development and neurobehaviour through epigenetic mechanisms. Additionally, human studies investigating paternal health behaviours during the prenatal period suggest that paternal tobacco, opioid, cannabis and alcohol use is associated with reduced offspring mental health, in particular hyperactivity and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The potential effects of paternal substance use are areas in which to focus public health efforts and health-care provider counselling of couples or individuals interested in conceiving.},
}

@article {pmid38663839,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Q and Peng, G and Liu, H and Wang, L and Lu, R and Li, L},
title = {Molecular mechanisms of secretory autophagy and its potential role in diseases.},
journal = {Life sciences},
volume = {347},
number = {},
pages = {122653},
doi = {10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122653},
pmid = {38663839},
issn = {1879-0631},
abstract = {Autophagy is a cellular degradation system that recycles or degrades damaged organelles, viral particles, and aggregated proteins through the lysosomal pathway. Autophagy plays an indispensable role in cellular homeostasis and communication processes. An interesting aspect is that autophagy also mediates the secretion of cellular contents, a process known as secretory autophagy. Secretory autophagy differs from macroautophagy, which sequesters recruited proteins, organelles, or viral particles into autophagosomes and degrades these sequesters in lysosomes, while the secretory autophagy pathway participates in the extracellular export of cellular contents sequestered by autophagosomes through autophagy and endosomal modulators. Recent evidence reveals that secretory autophagy is pivotal in the occurrence and progression of diseases. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of secretory autophagy. Furthermore, we review the impact of secretory autophagy on diseases, including cancer, viral infectious diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Considering the pleiotropic actions of secretory autophagy on diseases, studying the mechanism of secretory autophagy may help to understand the relevant pathophysiological processes.},
}

@article {pmid38663655,
year = {2024},
author = {Focosi, D and Franchini, M and Casadevall, A and Maggi, F},
title = {An update on the anti-Spike monoclonal antibody pipeline for SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cmi.2024.04.012},
pmid = {38663655},
issn = {1469-0691},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Anti-Spike monoclonal antibodies represent one of the most tolerable prophylaxis and therapies for COVID-19 in frail and immunocompromised patients. Unfortunately, viral evolution in Omicron has led all of them to failure.

OBJECTIVES: We review here the current pipeline of anti-Spike mAb's, discussing in detail the most promising candidates.

SOURCES: We scanned PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov and manufacturers' press releases for clinical studies on anti-Spike monoclonal antibodies.

CONTENT: We present state-of-art data clinical progress for AstraZeneca's AZD3152, Invivyd's VYD222, Regeneron's REGN-17092 and Aerium Therapeutics' AER-800.

IMPLICATIONS: The anti-Spike monoclonal antibody clinical pipeline is currently limited to few agents (most being single antibodies) with unknown efficacy against the dominant JN.1 sublineage. The field of antibody-based therapies requires boosting by both manufacturers and institutions.},
}

@article {pmid38662768,
year = {2024},
author = {Ahmad, S and Raza, K},
title = {An Extensive Review on Lung Cancer Therapeutics Using Machine Learning Techniques: State-of-the-art and Perspectives.},
journal = {Journal of drug targeting},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-15},
doi = {10.1080/1061186X.2024.2347358},
pmid = {38662768},
issn = {1029-2330},
abstract = {Lung cancer starts when lung cells grow uncontrollably, forming tumours that make breathing difficult. There are more than 100 types of human cancer, and in most cases, it is untreatable due to the unavailability of medico-infrastructure and facilities, even though the USFDA approved 57 anticancer drugs in 2020 alone. WHO reported more than 10 million cancer-related deaths yearly, and lung cancer alone accounts for more than 1.80 million deaths and a few studies suggest lung cancer incidence and deaths may surpass 3.8 million and 3.2 million by 2050, which demands rapid drug designing and repurposing and the role of artificial intelligence (AI) found to be the best solutions. AI in lung cancer therapeutics has emerged as a significant area of research in recent years. This state-of-the-art review aims to explore the various applications of AI in lung cancer treatment and its potential to revolutionise patient care, and predictive models can analyse large datasets, including clinical data, genetic information, and treatment outcomes, for novel drug design and to generate personalised treatment recommendations, having the potential to optimise therapeutic strategies, enhance treatment efficacy, and minimise adverse effects.Methods: A thorough and extensive literature review was conducted after reading relevant research papers and book chapters of the last decade, indexed in PubMed and Scopus to get high-quality articles to compile this article. Several engineering conference proceedings have also been included, as they meet our quality review standards.Results: Advanced algorithms accelerate the process and improve efficiency, with accuracy beyond 95% in many cases, validated with traditional computational drug designing and repurposing approaches such as Molecular Docking and Dynamic Simulations. We have also compiled the use of convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, generative adversarial networks, variational autoencoders, reinforcement learning, and many more.Conclusion: The role of AI in lung cancer therapeutics holds excellent promise through accurate detection, personalised treatment planning, novel drug design, drug repurposing, and decision support. AI can potentially transform lung cancer therapeutics by providing a robust solution that is most accurate in the least time, which can save the time and effort of experimental biological scientists. Advanced AI algorithms such as Convolutional Neural Networks, Recurrent Neural Networks, Generative Adversarial Networks, Variational Autoencoders, and Reinforcement Learning have been used in various drug repurposing articles, and even the drugs and vaccines are in clinical trial stages in just years which earlier were taking decades to get a drug or vaccine in market, and the SARS CoV-2 vaccine is the result for the same. However, further research and collaboration are required to address the existing challenges and fully realise the potential of AI in this field.},
}

@article {pmid38662367,
year = {2024},
author = {Maben, J and Taylor, C and Jagosh, J and Carrieri, D and Briscoe, S and Klepacz, N and Mattick, K},
title = {Causes and solutions to workplace psychological ill-health for nurses, midwives and paramedics: the Care Under Pressure 2 realist review.},
journal = {Health and social care delivery research},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {1-171},
doi = {10.3310/TWDU4109},
pmid = {38662367},
issn = {2755-0079},
mesh = {Humans ; *Allied Health Personnel/psychology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Workplace/psychology ; Midwifery ; Nurses/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United Kingdom ; Paramedics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nurses, midwives and paramedics are the largest collective group of clinical staff in the National Health Service and have some of the highest prevalence of psychological ill-health. Existing literature tends to be profession-specific and focused on individual interventions that place responsibility for good psychological health with nurses, midwives and paramedics themselves.

AIM: To improve understanding of how, why and in what contexts nurses, midwives and paramedics experience work-related psychological ill-health; and determine which high-quality interventions can be implemented to minimise psychological ill-health in these professions.

METHODS: Realist synthesis methodology consistent with realist and meta-narrative evidence syntheses: evolving standards' reporting guidelines.

DATA SOURCES: First round database searching in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online Database ALL (via Ovid), cumulative index to nursing and allied health literature database (via EBSCO) and health management information consortium database (via Ovid), was undertaken between February and March 2021, followed by supplementary searching strategies (e.g. hand searching, expert solicitation of key papers). Reverse chronology screening was applied, aimed at retaining 30 relevant papers in each profession. Round two database searches (December 2021) targeted COVID-19-specific literature and literature reviews. No date limits were applied.

RESULTS: We built on seven key reports and included 75 papers in the first round (26 nursing, 26 midwifery, 23 paramedic) plus 44 expert solicitation papers, 29 literature reviews and 49 COVID-19 focused articles in the second round. Through the realist synthesis we surfaced 14 key tensions in the literature and identified five key findings, supported by 26 context mechanism and outcome configurations. The key findings identified the following: (1) interventions are fragmented, individual-focused and insufficiently recognise cumulative chronic stressors; (2) it is difficult to promote staff psychological wellness where there is a blame culture; (3) the needs of the system often override staff well-being at work ('serve and sacrifice'); (4) there are unintended personal costs of upholding and implementing values at work; and (5) it is challenging to design, identify and implement interventions to work optimally for diverse staff groups with diverse and interacting stressors.

CONCLUSIONS: Our realist synthesis strongly suggests the need to improve the systemic working conditions and the working lives of nurses, midwives and paramedics to improve their psychological well-being. Individual, one-off psychological interventions are unlikely to succeed alone. Psychological ill-health is highly prevalent in these staff groups (and can be chronic and cumulative as well as acute) and should be anticipated and prepared for, indeed normalised and expected. Healthcare organisations need to (1) rebalance the working environment to enable healthcare professionals to recover and thrive; (2) invest in multi-level system approaches to promote staff psychological well-being; and use an organisational diagnostic framework, such as the NHS England and NHS Improvement Health and Wellbeing framework, to self-assess and implement a systems approach to staff well-being.

FUTURE WORK: Future research should implement, refine and evaluate systemic interventional strategies. Interventions and evaluations should be co-designed with front-line staff and staff experts by experience, and tailored where possible to local, organisational and workforce needs.

LIMITATIONS: The literature was not equivalent in size and quality across the three professions and we did not carry out citation searches using hand searching and stakeholder/expert suggestions to augment our sample.

STUDY REGISTRATION: This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42020172420. Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020172420.

FUNDING: This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health and Social Care Delivery Research programme (NIHR award ref: NIHR129528) and is published in full in Health and Social Care Delivery Research; Vol. 12, No. 9. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.},
}

Humans
*Allied Health Personnel/psychology
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Workplace/psychology
Midwifery
Nurses/psychology
SARS-CoV-2
United Kingdom
Paramedics

@article {pmid38662127,
year = {2024},
author = {Andrade, LF and Abdi, P and Mashoudy, KD and Kooner, A and Egler, A and Urbonas, R and Smith, A and Yosipovitch, G},
title = {Effectiveness of atopic dermatitis patient education programs - a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Archives of dermatological research},
volume = {316},
number = {5},
pages = {135},
pmid = {38662127},
issn = {1432-069X},
mesh = {*Dermatitis, Atopic/therapy ; Humans ; *Patient Education as Topic/methods ; Quality of Life ; Severity of Illness Index ; COVID-19 ; },
abstract = {Patient education in atopic dermatitis (AD) has worked in parallel to the gold standard of pharmacological treatment as a foundational component of therapeutic regimens. In addition to improving patient education, past investigations of educational interventions have demonstrated profound reductions in disease severity for patients living with AD. However, prior meta-analytical work has focused mostly on comparing in-person interventions, and thus the need to determine the effectiveness of virtual methodologies in the current post-COVID era remains. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to determine the effectiveness of online programming in AD education compared to in-person interventions. A comprehensive search was conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 2019. Studies were retrieved based on articles published up to 04 April 2023. Adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Statement guided the reportage process for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The primary outcome of our meta-analysis was the effect of various educational modalities on atopic dermatitis severity as measured by multiple scales across the studies, the most common including SCORAD, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Patient Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), and Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI). Most studies were randomized controlled trials, primarily from North America and Western Europe and focused on patient and/or caregiver education about disease management, self-care techniques, avoidance of triggers, and comprehensive understanding of the disease process. Our pooled analyses showed that targeted educational programs in understudied adult populations can be as impactful as those in pediatric groups. Moreover, virtual interventions can be employed as constructive tools for reducing barriers of access to patient education. Future research on educational interventions should utilize various methodologies to encourage individual learning preferences with a focus on adult cohorts.},
}

*Dermatitis, Atopic/therapy
Humans
*Patient Education as Topic/methods
Quality of Life
Severity of Illness Index
COVID-19

@article {pmid38661301,
year = {2024},
author = {Bytyci, J and Ying, Y and Lee, LYW},
title = {Immunocompromised individuals are at increased risk of COVID-19 breakthrough infection, hospitalization, and death in the post-vaccination era: A systematic review.},
journal = {Immunity, inflammation and disease},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {e1259},
pmid = {38661301},
issn = {2050-4527},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breakthrough Infections ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/mortality/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; *Immunocompromised Host ; Neoplasms/mortality/immunology ; Risk Factors ; Vaccination ; Vaccine Efficacy ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Immunocompromised individuals have been shown to mount a reduced response to vaccination, resulting in reduced vaccine effectiveness in this cohort. Therefore, in the postvaccination era, immunocompromised individuals remain at high risk of breakthrough infection and COVID-19 related hospitalization and death, which persist despite vaccination efforts. There has been a marked paucity of systematic reviews evaluating existing data describing the clinical measures of efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination, specifically in immunocompromised populations. In particular, there is a scarcity of comprehensive evaluations exploring breakthrough infections and severe COVID-19 in this patient population.

METHODS: To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review which aimed to provide a summary of current clinical evidence of the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in the immunocompromised population. Using PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a literature search on PubMed and the Cochrane database published between January 1, 2021 to September 1, 2022.

RESULTS: Our findings demonstrated that despite vaccination, immunocompromised patients remained at high risk of new breakthrough COVID-19 infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes compared to the general population. We found increased average relative risk (RR) of breakthrough infections in the immunocompromised population, including patients with cancer (RR = 1.4), HIV (RR = 1.92), chronic kidney disease (RR = 2.26), immunodeficiency (RR = 2.55), and organ transplant recipients (RR = 6.94). These patients are also at greater risk for hospitalizations and death following COVID-19 breakthrough infection. We found that the RR of hospitalization and death in Cancer patients was 1.08 and 2.82, respectively.

CONCLUSION: This demonstrated that vaccination does not offer an adequate level of protection in these groups, necessitating further measures such as Evusheld and further boosters.},
}

Humans
*Breakthrough Infections
*COVID-19/prevention & control/mortality/immunology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage
Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
*Immunocompromised Host
Neoplasms/mortality/immunology
Risk Factors
Vaccination
Vaccine Efficacy

@article {pmid38661242,
year = {2024},
author = {Zou, H and Zhang, K and Chen, X and Sha, S},
title = {Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease after SARS-CoV-2 infection: Case report and literature review.},
journal = {Immunity, inflammation and disease},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {e1250},
pmid = {38661242},
issn = {2050-4527},
mesh = {Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome/diagnosis/drug therapy ; Visual Acuity ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a complex and multifaceted illness. COVID-19 is associated with various ocular manifestations including conjunctivitis, retinal vein occlusion and optic neuritis. However, the case of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease associated with SARS-CoV-2 is infrequent, and the specific association is still unclear.

CASE PRESENTATION: In the present study, a 35-year-old female patient without any significant medical history presented with 1 week of bilateral blurred vision, occurring 2 weeks after a clinical course of COVID-19. Upon examination, both eyes exhibited bullous serous retinal detachments. She was diagnosed with incomplete VKH disease. Early diagnosis and treatment of VKH disease are essential for the visual prognosis of this aggressive disease. In this particular patient, ocular inflammatory signs and visual acuity improved via corticosteroid therapy. It is worth noting that the occurrence of VKH disease associated with SARS-CoV-2 is uncommon, and the specific connection between the two remains unknown. We review and summarize the clinical characteristics of VKH disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection, and discuss the potential mechanisms that may explain this phenomenon, based on similar studies previously reported.

CONCLUSION: Despite the unclear causality, it is important for ophthalmologists and physicians to be recognizant of the possible association between VKH disease and COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 may play a potential immunological triggering role in VKH disease. However, further in-depth research is necessary to investigate the clinical and epidemiological features, as well as the underlying mechanisms of this association.},
}

Adult
Female
Humans
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
*COVID-19/complications
*Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome/diagnosis/drug therapy
Visual Acuity

@article {pmid38660359,
year = {2024},
author = {Alzate-Ángel, JC and Avilés-Vergara, PA and Arango-Londoño, D and Concha-Eastman, A and Garcés-Hurtado, A and López-Carvajal, L and Minotta, IL and Ortega-Lenis, D and Quintero, G and Reina-Bolaños, S and Reina-Bolaños, CA and Roa, P and Sánchez-Orozco, M and Tovar-Acero, C and Arbeláez-Montoya, MP},
title = {How has research on the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccination been evaluated: a scope review with emphasis on CoronaVac.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1321327},
pmid = {38660359},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/administration & dosage ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination ; Vaccine Efficacy ; Vaccines, Inactivated ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The control of the COVID-19 epidemic has been focused on the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. All developed vaccines have reported safety and efficacy results in preventing infection and its consequences, although the quality of evidence varies depending on the vaccine considered. Different methodological designs have been used for their evaluation, which can influence our understanding of the effects of these interventions. CoronaVac is an inactivated vaccine, and it has been assessed in various studies, including clinical trials and observational studies. Given these differences, our objective was to explore the published information to answer the question: how has the efficacy/effectiveness and safety of CoronaVac been evaluated in different studies? This is to identify potential gaps and challenges to be addressed in understanding its effect.

METHODS: A scoping review was carried out following the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute, which included studies carried out in humans as of 2020, corresponding to systematic reviews, clinical trials, analytical or descriptive observational studies, in which the effectiveness and/or safety of vaccines for COVID19 were evaluated or described. There were no age restrictions for the study participants.

RESULTS: The efficacy/effectiveness and safety of this vaccine was assessed through 113 studies. Nineteen corresponded to experimental studies, 7 of Phase II, 5 of Phase IV, and 4 were clinical trials with random assignment. Although some clinical trials with random assignment have been carried out, these have limitations in terms of feasibility, follow-up times, and with this, the possibility of evaluating safety outcomes that occur with low frequencies. Not all studies have used homogeneous methods of analysis. Both the prevention of infection, and the prevention of outcomes such as hospitalization or death, have been valued through similar outcomes, but some through multivariate analysis of dependencies, and others through analysis that try to infer causally through different control methods of confounding.

CONCLUSION: Published information on the evaluation of the efficacy/effectiveness and safety of the CoronaVac is abundant. However, there are differences in terms of vaccine application schedules, population definition, outcomes evaluated, follow-up times, and safety assessment, as well as non-standardization in the reporting of results, which may hinder the generalizability of the findings. It is important to generate meetings and consensus strategies for the methods and reporting of this type of studies, which will allow to reduce the heterogeneity in their presentation and a better understanding of the effect of these vaccines.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control
*COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/administration & dosage
SARS-CoV-2
Vaccination
Vaccine Efficacy
Vaccines, Inactivated

@article {pmid38660347,
year = {2024},
author = {Lu, W and Zeng, S and Yao, Y and Luo, Y and Ruan, T},
title = {The effect of COVID-19 vaccine to the Omicron variant in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1338208},
pmid = {38660347},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology ; Adolescent ; Child ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Vaccine Efficacy/statistics & numerical data ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Vaccination/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Omicron (B.1.1.529), a variant of SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as a dominant strain in COVID-19 pandemic. This development has raised concerns about the effectiveness of vaccination to Omicron, particularly in the context of children and adolescents. Our study evaluated the efficacy of different COVID-19 vaccination regimens in children and adolescents during the Omicron epidemic phase.

METHODS: We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Embase electronic databases for studies published through March 2023 on the association between COVID-19 vaccination and vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents at the Omicron variant period. The effectiveness outcomes included mild COVID-19 and severe COVID-19. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023390481).

RESULTS: A total of 33 studies involving 16,532,536 children were included in the analysis. First, in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years, the overall VE of the COVID-19 vaccine is 45% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40 to 50%). Subgroup analysis of VE during Omicron epidemic phase for different dosage regimens demonstrated that the VE was 50% (95% CI: 44 to 55%) for the 2-dose vaccination and 61% (95% CI: 45 to 73%) for the booster vaccination. Upon further analysis of different effectiveness outcomes during the 2-dose vaccination showed that the VE was 41% (95% CI: 35 to 47%) against mild COVID-19 and 71% (95% CI: 60 to 79%) against severe COVID-19. In addition, VE exhibited a gradual decrease over time, with the significant decline in the efficacy of Omicron for infection before and after 90 days following the 2-dose vaccination, registering 54% (95% CI: 48 to 59%) and 34% (95% CI: 21 to 56%), respectively.

CONCLUSION: During the Omicron variant epidemic, the vaccine provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years. Two doses of vaccination can provide effective protection severe COVID-19, with booster vaccination additionally enhancing VE.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology
Adolescent
Child
*COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Vaccine Efficacy/statistics & numerical data
Child, Preschool
Infant
Vaccination/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid38649899,
year = {2024},
author = {Dong, Y and Alhaskawi, A and Zou, X and Zhou, H and Ezzi, SHA and Kota, VG and Abdulla, MHAH and Olga, A and Abdalbary, SA and Lu, H},
title = {Post-COVID reactivation of latent Bartonella henselae infection: a case report and literature review.},
journal = {BMC infectious diseases},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {422},
pmid = {38649899},
issn = {1471-2334},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *COVID-19/complications/microbiology ; *Bartonella henselae/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Cat-Scratch Disease/microbiology/complications/drug therapy ; Middle Aged ; Latent Infection ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Cat scratch disease (CSD) is caused by Bartonella henselae (B. henselae) and presents as lymphadenopathy following close contact with cats. However, in context of the global COVID-19 pandemic, clinical manifestations of CSD may vary, posing new challenges for healthcare professionals. Here we describe a case of a 54-year-old male with painful left upper arm mass, which gradually resolved until he was infected with COVID-19. The mass then rapidly progressed before admission. Meanwhile, pulmonary symptoms including pleural effusion emerged simultaneously. The cause was undetermined with routine blood culture and pathological test until the next generation sequencing (NGS) confirmed the presence of B. henselae. We believe this case is the first to report localized aggravation of CSD after COVID-19 infection and hopefully, offers treatment experience for clinicians worldwide.},
}

Humans
Male
*COVID-19/complications/microbiology
*Bartonella henselae/genetics/isolation & purification
*Cat-Scratch Disease/microbiology/complications/drug therapy
Middle Aged
Latent Infection
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid38648346,
year = {2024},
author = {Velasco, JC and Vargas, LJ and García, L and Torres, IJ and González, IC},
title = {Oral mucormycosis associated with COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: Case report and literature review.},
journal = {Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud},
volume = {44},
number = {1},
pages = {10-15},
doi = {10.7705/biomedica.6970},
pmid = {38648346},
issn = {2590-7379},
mesh = {Humans ; *Mucormycosis/complications/epidemiology/diagnosis ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; Male ; Mouth Diseases/microbiology ; Diabetes Complications ; Middle Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Mucormycosis is an invasive opportunistic fungal infection with high mortality, mainly detected in people with COVID-19, especially those with underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Mucormycosis prevalence is 0.005 to 1.7 cases per million inhabitants, and it has been increasing in countries like India and Pakistan. This mycosis can affect different organs, and clinical manifestations reflect the transmission mechanism. Frequent forms are rhino-orbital-cerebral and pulmonary. This disease should be suspected in patients with necrotic injuries on mucous membranes or skin. We present a case of a patient with diabetes mellitus and diagnosed with oral mucormycosis associated with COVID-19.},
}

Humans
*Mucormycosis/complications/epidemiology/diagnosis
*COVID-19/complications/epidemiology
Male
Mouth Diseases/microbiology
Diabetes Complications
Middle Aged
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use

@article {pmid38291902,
year = {2024},
author = {Sun, M and Shen, W and Guo, X and Liao, Y and Huang, Y and Hu, M and Ye, P and Liu, R},
title = {A critical review of advances in tumor metabolism abnormalities induced by nitrosamine disinfection by-products in drinking water.},
journal = {Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology},
volume = {199},
number = {1},
pages = {12-28},
doi = {10.1093/toxsci/kfae012},
pmid = {38291902},
issn = {1096-0929},
support = {82173479//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; NCET-13-0124//New Century Excellent Talents in University from Ministry of Education/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Nitrosamines/toxicity ; *Disinfectants/toxicity ; *Neoplasms/chemically induced/metabolism ; *Drinking Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; Animals ; Disinfection ; Water Purification ; COVID-19 ; Carcinogens/toxicity ; },
abstract = {Intensified sanitation practices amid the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak might result in the increased release of chloramine disinfectants into surface water, significantly promoting the formation of nitrosamine disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water. Unfortunately, these nitrosamine DBPs exhibit significant genotoxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties, whereas chlorinating disinfectants remain in global practice. The current review provides valuable insights into the occurrence, identification, contamination status, exposure limits, and toxicity of the new unregulated disinfection by-products (nitrosamine DBPs) in drinking water. As a result, concentrations of nitrosamine DBPs far exceed allowable limits in drinking water, and prolonged exposure has the potential to cause metabolic disorders, a critical step in tumor initiation and progression. Importantly, based on recent research, we have concluded the role of nitrosamines DBPs in different metabolic pathways. Remarkably, nitrosamine DBPs can induce chronic inflammation and initiate tumors by activating sphingolipid and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism. Regarding amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, nitrosamine DBPs can inhibit tryptophan metabolism and de novo nucleotide synthesis. Moreover, inhibition of de novo nucleotide synthesis fails to repair DNA damage induced by nitrosamines. Additionally, the accumulation of lactate induced by nitrosamine DBPs may act as a pivotal signaling molecule in communication within the tumor microenvironment. However, with the advancement of tumor metabolomics, understanding the role of nitrosamine DBPs in causing cancer by inducing metabolic abnormalities significantly lags behind, and specific mechanisms of toxic effects are not clearly defined. Urgently, further studies exploring this promising area are needed.},
}

Humans
*Nitrosamines/toxicity
*Disinfectants/toxicity
*Neoplasms/chemically induced/metabolism
*Drinking Water
Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
Animals
Disinfection
Water Purification
COVID-19
Carcinogens/toxicity

@article {pmid38660309,
year = {2024},
author = {Sassetti, C and Borrelli, C and Mazuy, M and Turrini, I and Rigante, D and Esposito, S},
title = {The relationship between infectious agents and juvenile dermatomyositis: a narrative update from the pediatric perspective.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1377952},
pmid = {38660309},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Dermatomyositis/immunology ; Child ; COVID-19/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; },
abstract = {Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common inflammatory myopathy affecting children, being marked by chronic inflammation which mostly impacts on both skin and skeletal muscles; diagnostic criteria of JDM include an unforeseeable mixture of clinical features, while treatment modalities commonly require corticosteroids or immunosuppressant agents. Although the pathogenesis of JDM is not completely understood, several infectious triggers have been linked to its priming via anecdotal reports related to children. Pediatric cases of recent-onset JDM have been temporally associated to an infectious disease by the power of increased titers of circulating antibodies to a putative infectious agent, including parasites, and/or detectable viral RNA or bacterial DNA. With this narrative review we offer an update about JDM association with a host of infections, namely parvovirus B19, Epstein-Barr virus, Coxsackie virus, human immune deficiency virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Toxoplasma gondii, as resulting from the medical literature. Few are the evidence-proved results addressing JDM as an unambiguous post-infectious disorder and available data specifically related to children are poor, highlighting the need of further research into the exploration between environmental cut-out factors and JDM.},
}

Humans
*Dermatomyositis/immunology
Child
COVID-19/immunology
SARS-CoV-2/immunology

@article {pmid38660034,
year = {2024},
author = {Devi, R and Agrawal, A and Dhar, J and Misra, AK},
title = {Forecasting of Indian tourism industry using modeling approach.},
journal = {MethodsX},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {102723},
pmid = {38660034},
issn = {2215-0161},
abstract = {Currently, India has become one of the largest economies of the world in which tourism and hospitality have significantly contributed; however, the growth rate of tourism industry has been greatly affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we have used the modeling approach to analyze and understand the growth pattern of Indian tourism industry. To achieve this, we consider the data of international tourist arrivals before and after the lockdown. The Dickey-Fuller test, AIC and BIC methods are used to obtain the best fitted model and further, the accuracy of obtained model is also analyzed. Data and forecasting indicate that the weather and public holidays significantly affect the tourism industry.},
}

@article {pmid38660028,
year = {2024},
author = {Seth, T and Muhuri, PK},
title = {Hesitant and uncertain linguistics based executive decision making using risk and regret aversion: Methods, implementation and analysis.},
journal = {MethodsX},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {102706},
pmid = {38660028},
issn = {2215-0161},
abstract = {Presence of globally-affecting issues, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic is a major factor impacting the operation of services provided by high-stake companies. These factors create huge hindrances in the regular and proper operations of companies in staying relevant in market while catering to the services they provide. In such cases, in order to maintain and achieve their internal goals should any possible losses that the grave situation might incur, relevant experts within these firms must arrive at optimal decisions taking into account human cognition as well as all possibilities of risk and regrets. A suitable regret theory based linguistic decision-making model called THREAD which computes with inherent hesitancy using interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2 FS) and hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets-based techniques is introduced in this paper.},
}

@article {pmid38659633,
year = {2024},
author = {Ceasovschih, A and Șorodoc, V and Covantsev, S and Balta, A and Uzokov, J and Kaiser, SE and Almaghraby, A and Lionte, C and Stătescu, C and Sascău, RA and Onofrei, V and Haliga, RE and Stoica, A and Bologa, C and Ailoaei, Ș and Şener, YZ and Kounis, NG and Șorodoc, L},
title = {Electrocardiogram Features in Non-Cardiac Diseases: From Mechanisms to Practical Aspects.},
journal = {Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1695-1719},
pmid = {38659633},
issn = {1178-2390},
abstract = {Despite the noteworthy advancements and the introduction of new technologies in diagnostic tools for cardiovascular disorders, the electrocardiogram (ECG) remains a reliable, easily accessible, and affordable tool to use. In addition to its crucial role in cardiac emergencies, ECG can be considered a very useful ancillary tool for the diagnosis of many non-cardiac diseases as well. In this narrative review, we aimed to explore the potential contributions of ECG for the diagnosis of non-cardiac diseases such as stroke, migraine, pancreatitis, Kounis syndrome, hypothermia, esophageal disorders, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary diseases, electrolyte disturbances, anemia, coronavirus disease 2019, different intoxications and pregnancy.},
}

@article {pmid38658977,
year = {2024},
author = {Solela, G and Tenaw, AA and Fisseha, H and Argaw, AM and Petros, T and Mengistu, B},
title = {Idiopathic intracranial hypertension associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in an adult male patient: a case report and review of the literature.},
journal = {Journal of medical case reports},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {206},
pmid = {38658977},
issn = {1752-1947},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *COVID-19/complications/diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; *Pseudotumor Cerebri/diagnosis/complications ; *Headache/etiology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Headache is a frequent symptom in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) has been reported among patients who underwent lumbar puncture for persistent headaches.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old black man presented with dyspnea, cough, fever and headache for 05 days followed by blurring of vision associated with worsening of the headache. Physical examination was significant for tachypnea and oxygen desaturation and there were no abnormal neurologic findings. He tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 with nasopharyngeal swab PCR. His CSF opening pressure appeared high with normal CSF analysis and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed prominent subarachnoid space around the optic nerves and bilateral papilledema. He had significant improvement with medical therapy alone.

CONCLUSION: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) may occur in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection and should be considered when making a differential diagnosis for headache and blurring of vision. COVID-19 may play a role in the development of intracranial hypertension, even in the absence of known risk factors. Early diagnosis and treatment of IIH has paramount importance to prevent vision loss and other morbidities.},
}

Humans
Male
*COVID-19/complications/diagnosis
Middle Aged
*Pseudotumor Cerebri/diagnosis/complications
*Headache/etiology/virology
*SARS-CoV-2
Magnetic Resonance Imaging

@article {pmid38657998,
year = {2024},
author = {Buekers, J and Delgado-Ortiz, L and Megaritis, D and Polhemus, A and Breuls, S and Buttery, SC and Chynkiamis, N and Demeyer, H and Gimeno-Santos, E and Hume, E and Koch, S and Williams, P and Wuyts, M and Hopkinson, NS and Vogiatzis, I and Troosters, T and Frei, A and Garcia-Aymerich, J},
title = {Gait differences between COPD and healthy controls: systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society},
volume = {33},
number = {172},
pages = {},
pmid = {38657998},
issn = {1600-0617},
mesh = {*Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology/diagnosis ; Humans ; *Gait ; Male ; Aged ; Female ; Case-Control Studies ; Walk Test ; Walking Speed ; Middle Aged ; Gait Analysis ; Lung/physiopathology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite the importance of gait as a determinant of falls, disability and mortality in older people, understanding of gait impairment in COPD is limited. This study aimed to identify differences in gait characteristics during supervised walking tests between people with COPD and healthy controls.

METHODS: We searched 11 electronic databases, supplemented by Google Scholar searches and manual collation of references, in November 2019 and updated the search in July 2021. Record screening and information extraction were performed independently by one reviewer and checked for accuracy by a second. Meta-analyses were performed in studies not considered at a high risk of bias.

RESULTS: Searches yielded 21 085 unique records, of which 25 were included in the systematic review (including 1015 people with COPD and 2229 healthy controls). Gait speed was assessed in 17 studies (usual speed: 12; fast speed: three; both speeds: two), step length in nine, step duration in seven, cadence in six, and step width in five. Five studies were considered at a high risk of bias. Low-quality evidence indicated that people with COPD walk more slowly than healthy controls at their usual speed (mean difference (MD) -19 cm·s[-1], 95% CI -28 to -11 cm·s[-1]) and at a fast speed (MD -30 cm·s[-1], 95% CI -47 to -13 cm·s[-1]). Alterations in other gait characteristics were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Low-quality evidence shows that people with COPD walk more slowly than healthy controls, which could contribute to an increased falls risk. The evidence for alterations in spatial and temporal components of gait was inconclusive. Gait impairment appears to be an important but understudied area in COPD.},
}

*Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology/diagnosis
Humans
*Gait
Male
Aged
Female
Case-Control Studies
Walk Test
Walking Speed
Middle Aged
Gait Analysis
Lung/physiopathology

@article {pmid38657596,
year = {2024},
author = {Seidel, D and Sal, E and Nacov, JA and Cornely, OA and Kurzai, O},
title = {[Mucormycosis in the time of COVID-19: risks and challenges].},
journal = {Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)},
volume = {149},
number = {10},
pages = {569-578},
doi = {10.1055/a-2139-3902},
pmid = {38657596},
issn = {1439-4413},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; *Mucormycosis/epidemiology/diagnosis/therapy ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {The first patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 were registered in December 2019. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a global pandemic, the beginning of a worldwide health crisis that revealed numerous medical challenges for healthcare systems and pandemic emergency strategies.Among these challenges, mucormycosis, a typically rare fungal infection, gained global attention. With an average global incidence of about 2 per 1 million people, mucormycosis is considered a very rare disease, an opportunistic infection mostly affecting the lungs or skin and soft tissues in immunocompromised patients. Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus is one of the leading risk factors for rhino-orbital mucormycosis. Countries with a high prevalence of diabetes and limited healthcare resources have higher mucormycosis rates, with India and Pakistan being among the nations with particularly high incidences.During the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India, mucormycosis rates surged dramatically within a few weeks, with over 47,500 cases of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) reported between May and August 2021. Mucormycosis is characterized by a high mortality rate of up to 90%, especially when the diagnosis is delayed, and treatment commences late. There were concerns about a potentially global threat.In this article, we explore the risk factors and mechanisms leading to this viral-fungal coinfection. We present global distribution patterns, clinical presentation, and challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/complications
*Mucormycosis/epidemiology/diagnosis/therapy
Risk Factors
SARS-CoV-2
Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
Pandemics

@article {pmid38656063,
year = {2024},
author = {Martins, WRM and Cardoso, TV and Oliveira, AL and Fernandes, GS and Fontes, IFL and Dantas, JG and Miranda, JS and Martins, JE and Antunes, LN and Leite, TG},
title = {Long COVID-19 and mnemonic effects: an integrative literature review.},
journal = {Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992)},
volume = {70},
number = {5},
pages = {e20231211},
pmid = {38656063},
issn = {1806-9282},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid38655807,
year = {2024},
author = {Weinstein, R and Naber, CE and Brumme, K},
title = {Revisiting dexamethasone use in the pediatric emergency department.},
journal = {Current opinion in pediatrics},
volume = {36},
number = {3},
pages = {251-255},
doi = {10.1097/MOP.0000000000001351},
pmid = {38655807},
issn = {1531-698X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Dexamethasone/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; Child ; *Emergency Service, Hospital ; *Croup/drug therapy ; *Asthma/drug therapy ; *Anaphylaxis/drug therapy ; *Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/drug therapy ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; COVID-19/*complications ; Pediatric Emergency Medicine/methods ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Dexamethasone is an essential treatment for common pediatric inflammatory, airway, and respiratory conditions. We aim to provide up-to-date recommendations for treatment of anaphylaxis, croup, coronavirus disease, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and asthma with dexamethasone for use in the pediatric emergency department.

RECENT FINDINGS: Literature largely continues to support the use of dexamethasone in most of the above conditions, however, recommendations for dosing and duration are evolving.

SUMMARY: The findings discussed in this review will enable pediatric emergency medicine providers to use dexamethasone effectively as treatment of common pediatric conditions and minimize the occurrence of side-effects caused by gratuitous corticosteroid use.},
}

Humans
*Dexamethasone/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
Child
*Emergency Service, Hospital
*Croup/drug therapy
*Asthma/drug therapy
*Anaphylaxis/drug therapy
*Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/drug therapy
Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
COVID-19/*complications
Pediatric Emergency Medicine/methods

@article {pmid38655124,
year = {2024},
author = {Kahramansoy, N},
title = {Surgical smoke: a matter of hygiene, toxicology, and occupational health.},
journal = {GMS hygiene and infection control},
volume = {19},
number = {},
pages = {Doc14},
pmid = {38655124},
issn = {2196-5226},
abstract = {The use of devices for tissue dissection and hemostasis during surgery is almost unavoidable. Electrically powered devices such as electrocautery, ultrasonic and laser units produce surgical smoke containing more than a thousand different products of combustion. These include large amounts of carcinogenic, mutagenic and potentially teratogenic noxae. The smoke contains particles that range widely in size, even as small as 0.007 µm. Most of the particles (90%) in electrocautery smoke are ≤6.27 µm in size, but surgical masks cannot filter particles smaller than 5 µm. In this situation, 95% of the smoke particles which pass through the mask reach deep into the respiratory tract and frequently cause various symptoms, such as headache, dizziness, nausea, eye and respiratory tract irritation, weakness, and abdominal pain in the acute period. The smoke can transport bacteria and viruses that are mostly between 0.02 µm and 3 µm in size and there is a risk of contamination. Among these viruses, SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, HIV, HPV, HBV must be considered. The smoke may also carry malignant cells. The long-term effects of the surgical smoke are always ignored, because causality can hardly be clarified in individual cases. The quantity of the smoke changes with the technique of the surgeon, the room ventilation system, the characteristics of the power device used, the energy level at which it is set, and the characteristics of the tissue processed. The surgical team is highly exposed to the smoke, with the surgeon experiencing the highest exposure. However, the severity of exposure differs according to certain factors, e.g., ventilation by laminar or turbulent mixed airflow or smoke evacuation system. In any case, the surgical smoke must be removed from the operation area. The most effective method is to collect the smoke from the source through an aspiration system and to evacuate it outside. Awareness and legal regulations in terms of hygiene, toxicology, as well as occupational health and safety should increase.},
}

@article {pmid38654693,
year = {2024},
author = {Jamilian, A and Ghalichi, F and Hamedi Kalajahi, F and Radkhah, N and Jourabchi, N and Musazadeh, V and Amini-Salehi, E and Zarezadeh, M and Ostadrahimi, A},
title = {The role of vitamin D in outcomes of critical care in COVID-19 patients: Evidence from an umbrella meta-analysis of interventional and observational studies.},
journal = {Public health nutrition},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-25},
doi = {10.1017/S1368980024000934},
pmid = {38654693},
issn = {1475-2727},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Several meta-analyses have suggested the beneficial effect of vitamin D on patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. This umbrella meta-analysis aims to evaluate influence of vitamin D supplementation on clinical outcomes and the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients.

DESIGN: Present study was designed as an umbrella meta-analysis. The following international databases were systematically searched till March 2023: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase.

SETTINGS: Random-effects model was employed to perform meta-analysis. Using AMSTAR critical evaluation tools, the methodological quality of the included meta-analyses was evaluated.

PARTICIPANTS: Adult patients suffering from COVID-19 were studied.

RESULTS: Overall, 13 meta-analyses summarizing data from 4 RCTs and 9 observational studies were identified in this umbrella review. Our findings revealed that vitamin D supplementation and status significantly reduced mortality of COVID-19 [Interventional studies: (ES= 0.42; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.75, p <0.001; I[2] = 20.4%, p=0.285) and observational studies (ES= 1.99; 95% CI: 1.37, 2.62, p <0.001; I[2] = 00.0%, p=0.944). Also, vitamin D deficiency increased risk of infection and disease severity among patients.

CONCLUSION: Overall, vitamin D status is a critical factor influencing the mortality rate, disease severity, admission to ICU and being detached from mechanical ventilation. It is vital to monitor the vitamin D status in all patients with critical conditions including COVID patients.},
}

@article {pmid38654456,
year = {2024},
author = {Park, JH and Kim, KH},
title = {COVID-19 Vaccination-Related Myocarditis: What We Learned From Our Experience and What We Need to Do in The Future.},
journal = {Korean circulation journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.4070/kcj.2024.0065},
pmid = {38654456},
issn = {1738-5520},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has led to a global health crisis with substantial mortality and morbidity. To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, various vaccines have been developed, but unexpected serious adverse events including vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia, carditis, and thromboembolic events have been reported and became a huddle for COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccine-related myocarditis (VRM) is a rare but significant adverse event associated primarily with mRNA vaccines. This review explores the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, pathogenesis, management strategies, and outcomes associated with VRM. The incidence of VRM is notably higher in male adolescents and young adults, especially after the second dose of mRNA vaccines. The pathogenesis appears to involve an immune-mediated process, but the precise mechanism remains mostly unknown so far. Most studies have suggested that VRM is mild and self-limiting, and responds well to conventional treatment. However, a recent nationwide study in Korea warns that severe cases, including fulminant myocarditis or death, are not uncommon in patients with COVID-19 VRM. The long-term cardiovascular consequences of VRM have not been well understood and warrant further investigation. This review also briefly addresses the critical balance between the substantial benefits of COVID-19 vaccination and the rare risks of VRM in the coming endemic era. It emphasizes the need for continued surveillance, research to understand the underlying mechanisms, and strategies to mitigate risk. Filling these knowledge gaps would be vital to refining vaccination recommendations and improving patient care in the evolving COVID-19 pandemic landscape.},
}

@article {pmid38653950,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Y and Nelson, R and Izem, R and Broglio, K and Mundayat, R and Gamalo, M and Wen, Y and Pan, H and Sun, H and Ye, J},
title = {Unlocking the Potential: A Systematic Review of Master Protocol in Pediatrics.},
journal = {Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38653950},
issn = {2168-4804},
abstract = {The use of master protocols allows for innovative approaches to clinical trial designs, potentially enabling new approaches to operations and analytics and creating value for patients and drug developers. Pediatric research has been conducted for many decades, but the use of novel designs such as master protocols in pediatric research is not well understood. This study aims to provide a systematic review on the utilization of master protocols in pediatric drug development. A search was performed in September 2022 using two data sources (PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov) and included studies conducted in the past10 years. General study information was extracted such as study type, study status, therapeutic area, and clinical trial phase. Study characteristics that are specific to pediatric studies (such as age of the participants and pediatric drug dosing) and important study design elements (such as number of test drug arms and whether randomization and/or concurrent control was used) were also collected. Our results suggest that master protocol studies are being used in pediatrics, with platform and basket trials more common than umbrella trials. Most of this experience is in oncology and early phase studies. There is a rise in the use starting in 2020, largely in oncology and COVID-19 trials. However, adoption of master protocols in pediatric clinical research is still on a small scale and could be substantially expanded. Work is required to further understand the barriers in implementing pediatric master protocols, from setting up infrastructure to interpreting study findings.},
}

@article {pmid38653845,
year = {2024},
author = {Shan, X and Li, R and Ma, X and Qiu, G and Xiang, Y and Zhang, X and Wu, D and Wang, L and Zhang, J and Wang, T and Li, W and Xiang, Y and Song, H and Niu, D},
title = {Epidemiology, pathogenesis, immune evasion mechanism and vaccine development of porcine Deltacoronavirus.},
journal = {Functional & integrative genomics},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
pages = {79},
pmid = {38653845},
issn = {1438-7948},
support = {LZ22C010003//The Key Project of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2021R52043//the Scientific and Technological Innovation Leading Talents Project of Zhejiang Provincial "High-level Talents Special Support Plan"/ ; ZJXRDQ-2023-DT02//the Project of Deqing Ecological Forestry Service Center/ ; 2021C02068-4//Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding/ ; 2019FR022//Zhejiang A&F University Talent Initiative Project/ ; LQ23C170003//Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Swine ; *Coronavirus Infections/immunology/prevention & control/virology/epidemiology ; *Deltacoronavirus/pathogenicity/immunology/genetics ; *Swine Diseases/virology/immunology/prevention & control/epidemiology ; *Immune Evasion ; *Viral Vaccines/immunology ; Vaccine Development ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Coronaviruses have been identified as pathogens of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in humans and various animal species. In recent years, the global spread of new coronaviruses has had profound influences for global public health and economies worldwide. As highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses, coronaviruses have become the focus of current research. Porcine Deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), an enterovirus belonging to the family of coronaviruses, has emerged on a global scale in the past decade and significantly influenced the swine industry. Moreover, PDCoV infects not only pigs but also other species, including humans, chickens and cattles, exhibiting a broad host tropism. This emphasizes the need for in-depth studies on coronaviruses to mitigate their potential threats. In this review, we provided a comprehensive summary of the current studies on PDCoV. We first reviewed the epidemiological investigations on the global prevalence and distribution of PDCoV. Then, we delved into the studies on the pathogenesis of PDCoV to understand the mechanisms how the virus impacts its hosts. Furthermore, we also presented some exploration studies on the immune evasion mechanisms of the virus to enhance the understanding of host-virus interactions. Despite current limitations in vaccine development for PDCoV, we highlighted the inhibitory effects observed with certain substances, which offers a potential direction for future research endeavors. In conclusion, this review summarized the scientific findings in epidemiology, pathogenesis, immune evasion mechanisms and vaccine development of PDCoV. The ongoing exploration of potential vaccine candidates and the insights gained from inhibitory substances have provided a solid foundation for future vaccine development to prevent and control diseases associated with PDCoV.},
}

Animals
Swine
*Coronavirus Infections/immunology/prevention & control/virology/epidemiology
*Deltacoronavirus/pathogenicity/immunology/genetics
*Swine Diseases/virology/immunology/prevention & control/epidemiology
*Immune Evasion
*Viral Vaccines/immunology
Vaccine Development
Humans

@article {pmid38653679,
year = {2024},
author = {Song, S and Madewell, ZJ and Liu, M and Miao, Y and Xiang, S and Huo, Y and Sarkar, S and Chowdhury, A and Longini, IM and Yang, Y},
title = {A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of bivalent mRNA booster vaccines against Omicron variants.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.049},
pmid = {38653679},
issn = {1873-2518},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: A global shift to bivalent mRNA vaccines is ongoing to counterbalance the diminishing effectiveness of the original monovalent vaccines due to the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants, yet substantial variation in the bivalent vaccine effectiveness (VE) exists across studies and a complete picture is lacking.

METHODS: We searched papers evaluating absolute or relative effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 type or BA.4/5 type bivalent mRNA vaccines on eight publication databases published from September 1st, 2022, to November 8th, 2023. Pooled VE against Omicron-associated infection and severe events (hospitalization and/or death) was estimated in reference to unvaccinated, ≥2 original monovalent doses, and ≥ 3 original monovalent doses.

RESULTS: From 630 citations identified, 28 studies were included, involving 55,393,303 individuals. Bivalent boosters demonstrated higher effectiveness against symptomatic or any infection for all ages combined, with an absolute VE of 53.5 % (95 % CI: -22.2-82.3 %) when compared to unvaccinated and relative VE of 30.8 % (95 % CI: 22.5-38.2 %) and 28.4 % (95 % CI: 10.2-42.9 %) when compared to ≥ 2 and ≥ 3 original monovalent doses, respectively. The corresponding VE estimates for adults ≥ 60 years old were 22.5 % (95 % CI: 16.8-39.8 %), 31.4 % (95 % CI: 27.7-35.0 %), and 30.6 % (95 % CI: -13.2-57.5 %). Pooled bivalent VE estimates against severe events were higher, 72.9 % (95 % CI: 60.5-82.4 %), 57.6 % (95 % CI: 42.4-68.8 %), and 62.1 % (95 % CI: 54.6-68.3 %) for all ages, and 72.0 % (95 % CI: 51.4-83.9 %), 63.4 % (95 % CI: 41.0-77.3 %), and 60.7 % (95 % CI: 52.4-67.6 %) for adults ≥ 60 years old, compared to unvaccinated, ≥2 original monovalent doses, and ≥ 3 original monovalent doses, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The bivalent boosters demonstrated superior protection against severe outcomes than the original monovalent boosters across age groups, highlighting the critical need for improving vaccine coverage, especially among the vulnerable older subpopulation.},
}

@article {pmid38537507,
year = {2024},
author = {Verma, VK and Yadav, R and Beevi, SS and Mohod, AS and Mancharla, S and Damodar, N and Darapuneni, RC and Reddy, SG and Upendram, P and Salt, MN and Kulkarni, P and Sahu, S and Bollineni, BR},
title = {Differential host responses to COVID-19: Unraveling the complexity.},
journal = {Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease},
volume = {109},
number = {2},
pages = {116281},
doi = {10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116281},
pmid = {38537507},
issn = {1879-0070},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology ; Female ; Male ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Toll-Like Receptors/immunology ; Infant, Newborn ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Cytokines/immunology/blood ; Aged ; },
abstract = {These diverse outcomes of Covid-19 are influenced by various factors including age, gender, underlying health conditions, immune responses, viral variants, external factors, and overall quality of life. Demographic analysis of patients aged 0-18 years experienced mild to moderate cases, above 55 years with co-morbidities, were more severely affected.COVID-19 incidence was higher in males (58 %) & (42 %) in females. The reduced expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) in severe and critical patients is a crucial determinant. This reduced TLR expression is primarily attributed to the dominance of the PLpro viral protein of COVID-19. Disease enrichment analysis highlights the long-term impact of COVID-19, which can lead to post-recovery complications such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiac diseases, and brain ischemia in Covid-19 patients. In conclusion, a comprehensive strategy targeting key factors like PLpro, TLR, and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-6 could offer an effective approach to mitigate the devastating effects of COVID-19.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology
Female
Male
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Adolescent
Child
Child, Preschool
Infant
Toll-Like Receptors/immunology
Infant, Newborn
Middle Aged
Adult
Young Adult
Cytokines/immunology/blood
Aged

@article {pmid38417769,
year = {2024},
author = {Faghy, MA and Dalton, C and Duncan, R and Arena, R and Ashton, REM},
title = {Using cardiorespiratory fitness assessment to identify pathophysiology in long COVID - Best practice approaches.},
journal = {Progress in cardiovascular diseases},
volume = {83},
number = {},
pages = {55-61},
doi = {10.1016/j.pcad.2024.02.005},
pmid = {38417769},
issn = {1873-1740},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cardiorespiratory Fitness ; *COVID-19/physiopathology/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy ; *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Exercise Test ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) is well-established in the clinical domains as an integrative measure of the body's physiological capability and capacity to transport and utilise oxygen during controlled bouts of physical exertion. Long COVID is associated with >200 different symptoms and is estimated to affect ∼150 million people worldwide. The most widely reported impact is reduced quality of life and functional status due to highly sensitive and cyclical symptoms that manifest and are augmented following exposure to physical, emotional, orthostatic, and cognitive stimuli, more commonly known as post-exertional symptom exacerbation (PESE) which prevents millions from engaging in routine daily activities. The use of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is commonplace in the assessment of integrated physiology; CPET will undoubtedly play an integral role in furthering the pathophysiology and mechanistic knowledge that will inform bespoke Long COVID treatment and management strategies. An inherent risk of previous attempts to utilise CPET protocols in patients with chronic disease is that these are compounded by PESE and have induced a worsening of symptoms for patients that can last for days or weeks. To do this effectively and to meet the global need, the complex multi-system pathophysiology of Long COVID must be considered to ensure the design and implementation of research that is both safe for participants and capable of advancing mechanistic understanding.},
}

Humans
*Cardiorespiratory Fitness
*COVID-19/physiopathology/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy
*Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Exercise Test
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid38652642,
year = {2024},
author = {Kassianos, G and Cohen, JM and Civljak, R and Davidovitch, N and Pecurariu, OF and Froes, F and Galev, A and Ivaskeviciene, I and Kõivumägi, K and Kristufkova, Z and Kuchar, E and Kyncl, J and Maltezou, HC and Marković, M and Nitsch-Osuch, A and Ortiz de Lejarazu, R and Rossi, A and Schelling, J and van Essen, GA and Zavadska, D},
title = {The influenza landscape and vaccination coverage in older adults during the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic: data from Several European Countries and Israel.},
journal = {Expert review of respiratory medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/17476348.2024.2340470},
pmid = {38652642},
issn = {1747-6356},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The Raise Awareness of Influenza Strategies in Europe (RAISE) group gathered information about the healthcare burden of influenza (hospitalizations, intensive care unit [ICU] admissions, and excess deaths), surveillance systems, and the vaccine coverage rate (VCR) in older adults in 18 European countries and Israel.

AREAS COVERED: Published medical literature and official medical documentation on the influenza disease burden in the participating countries were reviewed from 2010/11 until the 2022/23 influenza seasons. Information on the framework for monitoring the disease burden and the provision for ensuring older adults had access to vaccination in their respective countries was provided. Data on influenza VCR in older adults were collected for the 2019/20 to 2022/23 influenza seasons. Data are reported descriptively.

EXPERT OPINION: Influenza presents a significant healthcare burden in older adults. Reporting outcomes across participating countries is heterogeneous, highlighting the need for standardized approaches. Although older adults receive free influenza vaccination, vaccine uptake is highly variable among countries. Moreover, hospitalization rates remain high even in countries reporting a high VCR. Increased awareness and education on the burden of disease and the broader use of improved influenza vaccines for older adults may help reduce the disease burden on this population.},
}

@article {pmid38652364,
year = {2024},
author = {Jasiczek, J and Doroszko, A and Trocha, T and Trocha, M},
title = {Role of the RAAS in mediating the pathophysiology of COVID-19.},
journal = {Pharmacological reports : PR},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38652364},
issn = {2299-5684},
abstract = {The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) holds a position of paramount importance as enzymatic and endocrine homeostatic regulator concerning the water-electrolyte and acid-base balance. Nevertheless, its intricacy is influenced by the presence of various complementary angiotensins and their specific receptors, thereby modifying the primary RAAS actions. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) acts as a surface receptor for SARS-CoV-2, establishing an essential connection between RAAS and COVID-19 infection. Despite the recurring exploration of the RAAS impact on the trajectory of COVID-19 along with the successful resolution of many inquiries, its complete role in the genesis of delayed consequences encompassing long COVID and cardiovascular thrombotic outcomes during the post-COVID phase as well as post-vaccination, remains not fully comprehended. Particularly noteworthy is the involvement of the RAAS in the molecular mechanisms underpinning procoagulant processes throughout COVID-19. These processes significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of organ complications as well as determine clinical outcomes and are discussed in this manuscript.},
}

@article {pmid38652356,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhu, C and Pang, S and Liu, J and Duan, Q},
title = {Current Progress, Challenges and Prospects in the Development of COVID-19 Vaccines.},
journal = {Drugs},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38652356},
issn = {1179-1950},
support = {32202693//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022M711207//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 772 million confirmed cases, including nearly 7 million deaths, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Leveraging rapid development, accelerated vaccine approval processes, and large-scale production of various COVID-19 vaccines using different technical platforms, the WHO declared an end to the global health emergency of COVID-19 on May 5, 2023. Current COVID-19 vaccines encompass inactivated, live attenuated, viral vector, protein subunit, nucleic acid (DNA and RNA), and virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines. However, the efficacy of these vaccines is diminishing due to the constant mutation of SARS-CoV-2 and the heightened immune evasion abilities of emerging variants. This review examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the biological characteristics of the virus, and its diverse variants. Moreover, the review underscores the effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages of authorized COVID-19 vaccines. Additionally, it analyzes the challenges, strategies, and future prospects of developing a safe, broad-spectrum vaccine that confers sufficient and sustainable immune protection against new variants of SARS-CoV-2. These discussions not only offer insight for the development of next-generation COVID-19 vaccines but also summarize experiences for combating future emerging viruses.},
}

@article {pmid38652242,
year = {2024},
author = {Ono, R and Kitagawa, I},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immune thrombocytopenia: a systematic review of current reports.},
journal = {Annals of hematology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38652242},
issn = {1432-0584},
abstract = {Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a low platelet count with increased risk of bleeding, and viral infection may trigger ITP. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection-induced ITP has been increasingly reported. We systemically reviewed the previously reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced ITP and identified a total of 105 patients from 68 studies. The median age was 61 years, and 14 patients (12%) were < 18 years old (pediatric cases). In adult cases, a total of 53% patients were classified as moderate to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. The median platelet count at diagnosis and nadir were 6,000/µL and 4,000/µL, respectively. When comparing platelet levels between non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and moderate to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, the median values of platelet levels at diagnosis were not significantly different between the groups (4,000/µL in non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and 9,000/µL in moderate to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, p-value = 0.22). Median nadir platelet levels were also not significantly different between groups (4,000/µL in non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and 8,000/µL in moderate to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, p-value = 0.27). More than half of the cases (53 patients) were treated with combination therapy including steroid, intravenous immunoglobulin, and eltrombopag. Major bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage occurred in ten (11%) and six (6.6%) cases, respectively. The overall mortality rate was 7%. In pediatric cases, none of the patients experienced major bleeding and lethal outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid38652153,
year = {2024},
author = {Abu Serhan, H and Abu Suilik, H and Hassan, AK and AlSamhori, JF and Hassan, AR and Siddiq, A and Ahmed, N and Elnahry, AG},
title = {The characteristics of white dot syndromes following COVID-19 Vaccines: a systematic review.},
journal = {International ophthalmology},
volume = {44},
number = {1},
pages = {189},
pmid = {38652153},
issn = {1573-2630},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology ; *White Dot Syndromes/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To review all studies reporting the onset of white dot syndromes following COVID-19 vaccines.

METHODS: Our protocol was registered prospectively on PROSPERO [registration number: CRD42023426012]. We searched five different databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Science Direct up to May 2023. All the studies that reported the occurrence of white dot syndrome following COVID-19 vaccines were included. All statistical tests were conducted with a 95% confidence interval and a 5% error margin. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The methodological quality of included studies was performed using the IHE Quality Appraisal Checklist for Case Series studies and JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports.

RESULTS: Fifty studies involving seventy-one subjects were included. Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) was the most common disease (n = 25, 35.2% %), followed by acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) (n = 22, 31.0%) and acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) (n = 4, 5.6%). They were mostly unilateral (n = 50, 70.4%). The presenting symptoms were blurred vision (n = 26, 36.6%), paracentral scotoma (n = 19, 26.8%), visual field disturbance, and photopsia (n = 7, 9.9%). The mean duration for follow-up was 10.15 ± 14.04 weeks. Nineteen subjects (29.69%) received steroids with improvement reported in 68.4%. Eleven subjects (17.19%) were managed by observation only with reported full recovery and improvement.

CONCLUSION: White dot syndromes are very rare entities. Our findings highlight a possible association between COVID-19 vaccines and the occurrence of white dot syndromes. However, larger studies with good quality should be implemented to confirm these findings.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology
*White Dot Syndromes/diagnosis
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods

@article {pmid38652021,
year = {2024},
author = {Amani, B and Amani, B},
title = {Comparison of effectiveness and safety of molnupiravir versus sotrovimab for COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Immunity, inflammation and disease},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {e1262},
pmid = {38652021},
issn = {2050-4527},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Hydroxylamines/therapeutic use ; *Cytidine/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; COVID-19/mortality/virology ; Treatment Outcome ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; *Antibodies, Neutralizing ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIM: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of molnupiravir and sotrovimab in the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

METHODS: Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, medRxiv, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to identify relevant evidence up to December 2023. The risk of bias was assessed using the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions tool. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA).

RESULTS: Our search identified and included 13 studies involving 16166 patients. The meta-analysis revealed a significant difference between the molnupiravir and sotrovimab groups in terms of the mortality rate (odds ratio [OR] = 2.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16, 3.70). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of hospitalization rate (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.47, 1.06), death or hospitalization rate (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 0.81, 2.83), and intensive care unit admission (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.07, 4.84). In terms of safety, molnupiravir was associated with a higher incidence of adverse events (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.30).

CONCLUSION: The current findings indicate that sotrovimab may be more effective than molnupiravir in reducing the mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. However, no statistical difference was observed between the two treatments for other effectiveness outcomes. The certainty of evidence for these findings was rated as low or moderate. Further research is required to provide a better comparison of these interventions in treating COVID-19 patients.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
*Hydroxylamines/therapeutic use
*Cytidine/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use
*Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/adverse effects
*SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
*Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use/adverse effects
COVID-19/mortality/virology
Treatment Outcome
Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
*Antibodies, Neutralizing

@article {pmid38651925,
year = {2024},
author = {Gonçalves, SM and Pereira, I and Feys, S and Cunha, C and Chamilos, G and Hoenigl, M and Wauters, J and van de Veerdonk, FL and Carvalho, A},
title = {Integrating genetic and immune factors to uncover pathogenetic mechanisms of viral-associated pulmonary aspergillosis.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0198223},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.01982-23},
pmid = {38651925},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a severe fungal infection primarily affecting immunocompromised patients. Individuals with severe viral infections have recently been identified as vulnerable to developing invasive fungal infections. Both influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) and COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) are linked to high mortality rates, emphasizing the urgent need for an improved understanding of disease pathogenesis to unveil new molecular targets with diagnostic and therapeutic potential. The recent establishment of animal models replicating the co-infection context has offered crucial insights into the mechanisms that underlie susceptibility to disease. However, the development and progression of human viral-fungal co-infections exhibit a significant degree of interindividual variability, even among patients with similar clinical conditions. This observation implies a significant role for host genetics, but information regarding the genetic basis for viral-fungal co-infections is currently limited. In this review, we discuss how genetic factors known to affect either antiviral or antifungal immunity could potentially reveal pathogenetic mechanisms that predispose to IAPA or CAPA and influence the overall disease course. These insights are anticipated to foster further research in both pre-clinical models and human patients, aiming to elucidate the complex pathophysiology of viral-associated pulmonary aspergillosis and contributing to the identification of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets to improve the management of these co-infections.},
}

@article {pmid38651899,
year = {2024},
author = {Viox, EG and Bosinger, SE and Douek, DC and Schreiber, G and Paiardini, M},
title = {Harnessing the power of IFN for therapeutic approaches to COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0120423},
doi = {10.1128/jvi.01204-23},
pmid = {38651899},
issn = {1098-5514},
abstract = {Interferons (IFNs) are essential for defense against viral infections but also drive recruitment of inflammatory cells to sites of infection, a key feature of severe COVID-19. Here, we explore the complexity of the IFN response in COVID-19, examine the effects of manipulating IFN on SARS-CoV-2 viral replication and pathogenesis, and highlight pre-clinical and clinical studies evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of IFN in limiting COVID-19 severity.},
}

@article {pmid38651577,
year = {2024},
author = {Polastri, M and Eden, A and Swol, J},
title = {Rehabilitation for adult patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.},
journal = {Perfusion},
volume = {39},
number = {1_suppl},
pages = {115S-126S},
doi = {10.1177/02676591231226289},
pmid = {38651577},
issn = {1477-111X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/methods ; *COVID-19/therapy ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Exercise Therapy/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Current information on the latest rehabilitative practices is limited, with previous reviews only covering data up to October 2021, and some considering only patients on awake ECMO or with COVID-19. This review aims to present a concise overview of the latest findings on rehabilitation and highlight emerging trends for patients undergoing ECMO support.

METHODS: This integrative review was conducted by searching the National Library of Medicine - PubMed database. Two different search strings "extracorporeal membrane oxygenation" AND "rehabilitation" and "extracorporeal membrane oxygenation" AND "physiotherapy" were used to search the published literature. Articles that did not describe rehabilitation techniques, editorials, conference proceedings, letters to editor, reviews and research protocols were excluded. Studies conducted on pediatric populations were also excluded. The search process was completed in December 2023.

RESULTS: Thirteen articles were included in the final analysis. Eight hundred and thirty-nine patients aged between 27 and 63 years were included; 428 were men (51%). In 31% of the included studies, patients had COVID-19; nevertheless, rehabilitative activities did not differ from non-COVID-19 patients. In most studies, rehabilitation commenced within the first 48-96 h and consisted of progressive exercise and out-of-bed activities such as sitting, standing and walking.

CONCLUSION: Current practice focuses on rehabilitative protocols that incorporate exercise routines with progressive intensity, greater emphasis on out-of-bed activities, and a multidisciplinary approach to patient mobilization.},
}

Humans
*Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/methods
*COVID-19/therapy
Adult
Male
Female
Middle Aged
*SARS-CoV-2
Exercise Therapy/methods

@article {pmid38651470,
year = {2024},
author = {Sist, L and Chiappinotto, S and Messina, R and Rucci, P and Palese, A},
title = {The Reasons for Unfinished Nursing Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Review.},
journal = {Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy)},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {753-766},
pmid = {38651470},
issn = {2039-4403},
abstract = {Background: The concept of unfinished nursing care (UNC) describes nursing interventions required by patients and families that nurses postpone or omit. UNC reasons have been documented; however, no studies have summarised the underlying factors triggering the UNC during the pandemic. Therefore, the aim was to synthesise the available studies exploring factors affecting UNC during a pandemic. Methods: We conducted an integrative review following Whittemore and Knafl's framework according to the Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and the Scopus databases were searched for primary studies that collected data from 1 January 2020 to 1 May 2023. Both qualitative and quantitative studies assessing the reasons for UNC were eligible and evaluated in their quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results: Four studies were included-three qualitative and one cross-sectional. The reasons for UNC have been documented at the following levels: (a) system (e.g., new healthcare system priorities); (b) unit (e.g., ineffective work processes); (c) nurse management (e.g., inadequate nurse manager's leadership); (d) nurse (e.g., nurses' attitudes, competences, performances); and (e) patient (increased demand for care). Conclusion: The reasons for UNC during the COVID-19 pandemic are different to those documented in the pre-pandemic times and reflect a pre-existing frailty of the National Health Service towards nursing care.},
}

@article {pmid38651404,
year = {2024},
author = {Nhau, PT and Gamede, M and Sibiya, N},
title = {COVID-19-Induced Diabetes Mellitus: Comprehensive Cellular and Molecular Mechanistic Insights.},
journal = {Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology},
volume = {31},
number = {2},
pages = {197-209},
pmid = {38651404},
issn = {1873-149X},
support = {TTK220318196//National Research Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Despite evidence demonstrating the risks of developing diabetes mellitus because of SARS-CoV-2, there is, however, insufficient scientific data available to elucidate the relationship between diabetes mellitus and COVID-19. Research indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with persistent damage to organ systems due to the systemic inflammatory response. Since COVID-19 is known to induce these conditions, further investigation is necessary to fully understand its long-term effects on human health. Consequently, it is essential to consider the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic when predicting the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the future, especially since the incidence of diabetes mellitus was already on the rise before the pandemic. Additional research is required to fully comprehend the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Therefore, this article delves deeper into the current literature and links the perceived relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and diabetes. In addition, the article highlights the necessity for further research to fully grasp the mechanisms that SARS-CoV-2 utilises to induce new-onset diabetes. Where understanding and consensus are reached, therapeutic interventions to prevent the onset of diabetes could be proposed. Lastly, we propose advocating for the regular screening of diabetes and pre-diabetes, particularly for the high-risk population with a history of COVID-19 infection.},
}

@article {pmid38651330,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Y and Jiang, C and Zhu, W and Lu, S and Yu, H and Meng, L},
title = {Exploring therapeutic targets for molecular therapy of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.},
journal = {Science progress},
volume = {107},
number = {2},
pages = {368504241247402},
pmid = {38651330},
issn = {2047-7163},
mesh = {*Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Humans ; Animals ; Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods ; Pyridones/therapeutic use ; Indoles/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; COVID-19 ; Disease Models, Animal ; },
abstract = {Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease with a poor prognosis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by repeated alveolar epithelial damage leading to abnormal repair. The intercellular microenvironment is disturbed, leading to continuous activation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, deposition of extracellular matrix, and ultimately fibrosis. Moreover, pulmonary fibrosis was also found as a COVID-19 complication. Currently, two drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, are approved for clinical therapy worldwide. However, they can merely slow the disease's progression rather than rescue it. These two drugs have other limitations, such as lack of efficacy, adverse effects, and poor pharmacokinetics. Consequently, a growing number of molecular therapies have been actively developed. Treatment options for IPF are becoming increasingly available. This article reviews the research platform, including cell and animal models involved in molecular therapy studies of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as well as the promising therapeutic targets and their development progress during clinical trials. The former includes patient case/control studies, cell models, and animal models. The latter includes transforming growth factor-beta, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, lysophosphatidic acid, interleukin-13, Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase family, and Janus kinases/signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway. We mainly focused on the therapeutic targets that have not only entered clinical trials but were publicly published with their clinical outcomes. Moreover, this work provides an outlook on some promising targets for further validation of their possibilities to cure the disease.},
}

*Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology
Humans
Animals
Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
Pyridones/therapeutic use
Indoles/therapeutic use/pharmacology
COVID-19
Disease Models, Animal

@article {pmid38651133,
year = {2024},
author = {Staub, K and Ballouz, T and Puhan, M},
title = {An Unwanted but Long-Known Company: Post-Viral Symptoms in the Context of Past Pandemics in Switzerland (and Beyond).},
journal = {Public health reviews},
volume = {45},
number = {},
pages = {1606966},
pmid = {38651133},
issn = {0301-0422},
abstract = {Objectives: Some people do not fully recover from an acute viral infection and experience persistent symptoms or incomplete recovery for months or even years. This is not unique to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and history shows that post-viral conditions like post COVID-19 condition, also referred to as Long Covid, are not new. In particular, during and after pandemics caused by respiratory viruses in which large parts of the population were infected or exposed, professional and public attention was increased, not least because of the large number of people affected. Methods: Given the current relevance of the topic, this article aims to narratively review and summarize the literature on post-viral symptoms during past pandemics and to supplement and illustrate it with Swiss examples from the pandemics of 1890, 1918-1920 and later. Results: Post-viral diseases were an increasingly emphasised health topic during and after past pandemics triggered by respiratory infections over the last 150 years. Conclusion: In the next pandemic, it should not be surprising that post-viral conditions will again play a role, and pandemic plans should reflect this.},
}

@article {pmid38650667,
year = {2024},
author = {Ghiasi, M and Kheirandish Zarandi, P and Dayani, A and Salimi, A and Shokri, E},
title = {Potential therapeutic effects and nano-based delivery systems of mesenchymal stem cells and their isolated exosomes to alleviate acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by COVID-19.},
journal = {Regenerative therapy},
volume = {27},
number = {},
pages = {319-328},
pmid = {38650667},
issn = {2352-3204},
abstract = {The severe respiratory effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have necessitated the immediate development of novel treatments. The majority of COVID-19-related fatalities are due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Consequently, this virus causes massive and aberrant inflammatory conditions, which must be promptly managed. Severe respiratory disorders, notably ARDS and acute lung injury (ALI), may be treated safely and effectively using cell-based treatments, mostly employing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Since the high potential of these cells was identified, a great deal of research has been conducted on their use in regenerative medicine and complementary medicine. Multiple investigations have demonstrated that MSCs and their products, especially exosomes, inhibit inflammation. Exosomes serve a critical function in intercellular communication by transporting molecular cargo from donor cells to receiver cells. MSCs and their derived exosomes (MSCs/MSC-exosomes) may improve lung permeability, microbial and alveolar fluid clearance, and epithelial and endothelial repair, according to recent studies. This review focuses on COVID-19-related ARDS clinical studies involving MSCs/MSC-exosomes. We also investigated the utilization of Nano-delivery strategies for MSCs/MSC-exosomes and anti-inflammatory agents to enhance COVID-19 treatment.},
}

@article {pmid38650361,
year = {2024},
author = {Song, G and Li, R and Cheng, MQ},
title = {Safety, immunogenicity, and protective effective of inhaled COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {96},
number = {4},
pages = {e29625},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.29625},
pmid = {38650361},
issn = {1096-9071},
support = {202201AY070001-294//Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/adverse effects/administration & dosage ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; *Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood ; *Antibodies, Viral/blood ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Administration, Inhalation ; *Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; Immunization, Secondary ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology/adverse effects/administration & dosage ; Vaccine Efficacy ; },
abstract = {This study aimed to examine the safety, immunogenicity and protective effective of inhaled COVID-19 vaccines (ICVs). Literature research was done through EMBASE, Cochrane, PubMed, and Web of Science up to 10 March 2024. Pooled estimates with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed and compared using the random effects and common effects model. Of the 15 studies, 11 analyzed safety, 13 analyzed immunogenicity, and 3 analyzed protective effective. The results showed a favorable safety profile of ICVs for primary vaccination series, however it does not always seem to produce the expected immune response and protective effective. Meta-analysis of ICVs booster vaccinations (BVs) showed that the levels of neutralizing antibody Geometric mean titer (nAb-GMT) with aerosolised Ad5-nCoV (AAd5-nCoV) were all higher than those with inactivated vaccine (INA-nCoV) (standard mean difference (SMD) = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.96-2.69) and intramuscular Ad5-nCoV (IMAd5-nCoV) (SMD = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.14-0.48) against the original strain of SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, we also observed similar results in the omicron variant. In addition, ICV in BVs has high mucosal immunity to IgA antibodies. The risk of adverse events was comparable or lower for AAd5-nCoV compared to INA-nCoV or IMAd5-nCoV. Current evidence shows that the safety profile of ICVs were well. The booster dose of AAd5-nCoV had a high immune response (including mucosal immunity) and provided protection against COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term safety of intranasal vaccine booster protection and various types of ICVs.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/adverse effects/administration & dosage
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
*Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
*Antibodies, Viral/blood
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Administration, Inhalation
*Immunogenicity, Vaccine
Immunization, Secondary
Vaccination
Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology/adverse effects/administration & dosage
Vaccine Efficacy

@article {pmid38649791,
year = {2024},
author = {Leonny, S and Bowra, J and Davis, RA and Zuleta, N and Hansen, K and Large, R and Yeung, J},
title = {Review article: Telehealth in Emergency Medicine in Australasia: Advantages and barriers.},
journal = {Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1742-6723.14411},
pmid = {38649791},
issn = {1742-6723},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic catapulted Telehealth to the forefront of Emergency Medicine (EM) as an alternative way of assessing and managing patients. This challenged the traditional idea that EM can only be practised within brick-and-mortar EDs. Many Emergency Physicians may find the idea of practising Telehealth in Emergency Medicine (TEM) confronting, particularly in the absence of training and clear practice guidelines. The purpose of the present paper is to describe the current use of TEM in Australasia, and outline the advantages and barriers in adopting this practice domain.},
}

@article {pmid38649560,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, J and Ho, P and Nandurkar, H and Lim, HY},
title = {Overall haemostatic potential assay for prediction of outcomes in venous and arterial thrombosis and thrombo-inflammatory diseases.},
journal = {Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38649560},
issn = {1573-742X},
abstract = {Thromboembolic diseases including arterial and venous thrombosis are common causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Thrombosis frequently recurs and can also complicate many inflammatory conditions through the process of 'thrombo-inflammation,' as evidenced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Current candidate biomarkers for thrombosis prediction, such as D-dimer, have poor predictive efficacy. This limits our capacity to tailor anticoagulation duration individually and may expose lower risk individuals to undue bleeding risk. Global coagulation assays, such as the Overall Haemostatic Potential (OHP) assay, that investigate fibrin generation and fibrinolysis, may provide a more accurate and functional assessment of hypercoagulability. We present a review of fibrin's critical role as a central modulator of thrombotic risk. The results of our studies demonstrating the OHP assay as a predictive biomarker in venous thromboembolism, chronic renal disease, diabetes mellitus, post-thrombotic syndrome, and COVID-19 are discussed. As a comprehensive and global measurement of fibrin generation and fibrinolytic capacity, the OHP assay may be a valuable addition to future multi-modal predictive tools in thrombosis.},
}

@article {pmid38648815,
year = {2024},
author = {Ishizumi, A and Kolis, J and Abad, N and Prybylski, D and Brookmeyer, KA and Voegeli, C and Wardle, C and Chiou, H},
title = {Beyond misinformation: developing a public health prevention framework for managing information ecosystems.},
journal = {The Lancet. Public health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00031-8},
pmid = {38648815},
issn = {2468-2667},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted how infodemics (defined as an overabundance of information, including misinformation and disinformation) pose a threat to public health and could hinder individuals from making informed health decisions. Although public health authorities and other stakeholders have implemented measures for managing infodemics, existing frameworks for infodemic management have been primarily focused on responding to acute health emergencies rather than integrated in routine service delivery. We review the evidence and propose a framework for infodemic management that encompasses upstream strategies and provides guidance on identifying different interventions, informed by the four levels of prevention in public health: primary, secondary, tertiary, and primordial prevention. On the basis of a narrative review of 54 documents (peer-reviewed and grey literature published from 1961 to 2023), we present examples of interventions that belong to each level of prevention. Adopting this framework requires proactive prevention and response through managing information ecosystems, beyond reacting to misinformation or disinformation.},
}

@article {pmid38648811,
year = {2024},
author = {Jin, SL and Kolis, J and Parker, J and Proctor, DA and Prybylski, D and Wardle, C and Abad, N and Brookmeyer, KA and Voegeli, C and Chiou, H},
title = {Social histories of public health misinformation and infodemics: case studies of four pandemics.},
journal = {The Lancet. Infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00105-1},
pmid = {38648811},
issn = {1474-4457},
abstract = {Recognition of misinformation as a public health threat and interest in infodemics, defined as an inundation of information accompanying an epidemic or acute health event, have increased worldwide. However, scientists have no consensus on how to best define and identify misinformation and other essential characteristics of infodemics. We conducted a narrative review of secondary historical sources to examine previous infodemics in relation to four infectious diseases associated with pandemics (ie, smallpox, cholera, 1918 influenza, and HIV) and challenge the assumption that misinformation is a new phenomenon associated with increased use of social media or with the COVID-19 pandemic. On the contrary, we found that the spread of health misinformation has always been a public health challenge that has necessitated innovative solutions from medical and public health communities. We suggest expanding beyond the narrow scope of addressing misinformation to manage information ecosystems, defined as how people consume, produce, interact with, and behave around information, which include factors such as trust, stigma, and scientific literacy. Although misinformation can spread on a global scale, this holistic approach advocates for community-level interventions that improve relationships and trust between medical or public health entities and local populations.},
}

@article {pmid38648093,
year = {2024},
author = {Apoorva, and Singh, SK},
title = {A tale of endurance: bats, viruses and immune dynamics.},
journal = {Future microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2217/fmb-2023-0233},
pmid = {38648093},
issn = {1746-0921},
abstract = {The emergence of highly zoonotic viral infections has propelled bat research forward. The viral outbreaks including Hendra virus, Nipah virus, Marburg virus, Ebola virus, Rabies virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV and the latest SARS-CoV-2 have been epidemiologically linked to various bat species. Bats possess unique immunological characteristics that allow them to serve as a potential viral reservoir. Bats are also known to protect themselves against viruses and maintain their immunity. Therefore, there is a need for in-depth understanding into bat-virus biology to unravel the major factors contributing to the coexistence and spread of viruses.},
}

@article {pmid38646688,
year = {2024},
author = {Fu, S and Song, X},
title = {The clinical and immunological features of alopecia areata following SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccines.},
journal = {Expert opinion on therapeutic targets},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/14728222.2024.2344696},
pmid = {38646688},
issn = {1744-7631},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease induced by viral infection or vaccination. With the increased incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the incidence of AA has also increased. Recently the incidence was found to be 7.8% from a previously reported rate of 2.1%. The physical and psychological damage caused by AA could seriously affect patients' lives, while AA is a challenging dermatological disease owing to its complex pathogenesis.

AREAS COVERED: This paper presents a comprehensive review of the prevalence, pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets for AA after infection with SARS-CoV-2 or SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

EXPERT OPINION: The treatment of AA remains challenging because of the complexity of its pathogenesis. For patients with AA after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination, the use of sex hormones and alternative regenerative therapies may be actively considered in addition to conventional treatments. For preexisting disease, therapeutic agents should be adjusted to the patient's specific condition.},
}

@article {pmid38646684,
year = {2024},
author = {Di Donna, G and Di Lorenzo, P and Aquino, CI and Marisei, M and Casella, C and Surico, D and Niola, M and Guida, M},
title = {Gender Violence During the Three Ages of Life and the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Review.},
journal = {International journal of social determinants of health and health services},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {27551938241247776},
doi = {10.1177/27551938241247776},
pmid = {38646684},
issn = {2755-1946},
abstract = {Children, women, and older people suffer different types of violence, which appears to have been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic and the relative lockdown. The aim of this study is to analyze the literature about gender violence and abuse in the different ages of life and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Data were obtained from an electronic literature search using various online sources such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Web of Science. The terms "child abuse" were the most frequently used, followed in frequency by "gender violence," "femicide," and, lastly, "elderly abuse." The first studies considered gender-based violence as a purely physical problem, then, progressively, the analysis focused on the psychological point of view of the issue. There was a greater number of studies in 2020 about violence in comparison with previous years. The social and scientific attention to gender-based violence appeared to be very poor, especially in the case of older people abuse. It is necessary to increase general attention to the topic to correctly identify each form of abuse and to be able to take care of the subjects most at risk.},
}

@article {pmid38645343,
year = {2024},
author = {Demirden, SF and Kimiz-Gebologlu, I and Oncel, SS},
title = {Animal Cell Lines as Expression Platforms in Viral Vaccine Production: A Post Covid-19 Perspective.},
journal = {ACS omega},
volume = {9},
number = {15},
pages = {16904-16926},
pmid = {38645343},
issn = {2470-1343},
abstract = {Vaccines are considered the most effective tools for preventing diseases. In this sense, with the Covid-19 pandemic, the effects of which continue all over the world, humanity has once again remembered the importance of the vaccine. Also, with the various epidemic outbreaks that occurred previously, the development processes of effective vaccines against these viral pathogens have accelerated. By these efforts, many different new vaccine platforms have been approved for commercial use and have been introduced to the commercial landscape. In addition, innovations have been made in the production processes carried out with conventionally produced vaccine types to create a rapid response to prevent potential epidemics or pandemics. In this situation, various cell lines are being positioned at the center of the production processes of these new generation viral vaccines as expression platforms. Therefore, since the main goal is to produce a fast, safe, and effective vaccine to prevent the disease, in addition to existing expression systems, different cell lines that have not been used in vaccine production until now have been included in commercial production for the first time. In this review, first current viral vaccine types in clinical use today are described. Then, the reason for using cell lines, which are the expression platforms used in the production of these viral vaccines, and the general production processes of cell culture-based viral vaccines are mentioned. Also, selection parameters for animal cell lines as expression platforms in vaccine production are explained by considering bioprocess efficiency and current regulations. Finally, all different cell lines used in cell culture-based viral vaccine production and their properties are summarized, with an emphasis on the current and future status of cell cultures in industrial viral vaccine production.},
}

@article {pmid38644108,
year = {2024},
author = {Estenssoro, E and González, I and Plotnikow, GA},
title = {Post-pandemic acute respiratory distress syndrome: A New Global Definition with extension to lower-resource regions.},
journal = {Medicina intensiva},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.medine.2024.01.011},
pmid = {38644108},
issn = {2173-5727},
abstract = {Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), first described in 1967, is characterized by acute respiratory failure causing profound hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and bilateral CXR infiltrates. After several descriptions, the Berlin definition was adopted in 2012, which established three categories of severity according to hypoxemia (mild, moderate and severe), specified temporal aspects for diagnosis, and incorporated the use of non-invasive ventilation. The COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in ARDS management, focusing on continuous monitoring of oxygenation and on utilization of high-flow oxygen therapy and lung ultrasound. In 2021, a New Global Definition based on the Berlin definition of ARDS was proposed, which included a category for non-intubated patients, considered the use of SpO2, and established no particular requirement for oxygenation support in regions with limited resources. Although debates persist, the continuous evolution seeks to adapt to clinical and epidemiological needs, and to the search of personalized treatments.},
}

@article {pmid38643773,
year = {2024},
author = {Scott, J and Iorfino, F and Capon, W and Crouse, J and Nelson, B and Chanen, AM and Dwyer, D and Conus, P and Bechdolf, A and Ratheesh, A and Raballo, A and Yung, A and Berk, M and McKenna, S and Hockey, S and Hutcheon, A and Scott, E and McGorry, P and Shah, J and Hickie, IB},
title = {Staging 2·0: refining transdiagnostic clinical staging frameworks to enhance reliability and utility for youth mental health.},
journal = {The lancet. Psychiatry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S2215-0366(24)00060-9},
pmid = {38643773},
issn = {2215-0374},
abstract = {Globally, 75% of depressive, bipolar, and psychotic disorders emerge by age 25 years. However, these disorders are often preceded by non-specific symptoms or attenuated clinical syndromes. Difficulties in determining optimal treatment interventions for these emerging mental disorders, and uncertainties about accounting for co-occurring psychopathology and illness trajectories, have led many youth mental health services to adopt transdiagnostic clinical staging frameworks. In this Health Policy paper, an international working group highlights ongoing challenges in applying transdiagnostic staging frameworks in clinical research and practice, and proposes refinements to the transdiagnostic model to enhance its reliability, consistent recording, and clinical utility. We introduce the concept of within-stage heterogeneity and describe the advantages of defining stage in terms of clinical psychopathology and stage modifiers. Using examples from medicine, we discuss the utility of categorising stage modifiers into factors associated with progression (ie, potential predictors of stage transition) and extension (ie, factors associated with the current presentation that add complexity to treatment selection). Lastly, we suggest how it is possible to revise the currently used transdiagnostic staging approach to incorporate these key concepts, and how the revised framework could be applied in clinical and research practice.},
}

@article {pmid38643567,
year = {2024},
author = {Sakander, N and Ahmed, A and Bhardwaj, M and Kumari, D and Nandi, U and Mukherjee, D},
title = {A path from synthesis to emergency use authorization of molnupiravir as a COVID-19 therapy.},
journal = {Bioorganic chemistry},
volume = {147},
number = {},
pages = {107379},
doi = {10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107379},
pmid = {38643567},
issn = {1090-2120},
abstract = {Coronaviruses are a group of enveloped viruses with non-segmented, single-stranded, and positive-sense RNA genomes. It belongs to the 'Coronaviridae family', responsible for various diseases, including the common cold, SARS, and MERS. The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in March 2020, has affected 209 countries, infected over a million people, and claimed over 50,000 lives. Significant efforts have been made by repurposing several approved drugs including antiviral, to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Molnupiravir is found to be the first orally acting efficacious drug to treat COVID-19 cases. It was approved for medical use in the UK in November 2021 and other countries, including USFDA, which granted approval an emergency use authorization (EUA) for treating adults with mild to moderate COVID-19 patients. Considering the importance of molnupiravir, the present review deals with its various synthetic strategies, pharmacokinetics, bio-efficacy, toxicity, and safety profiles. The comprehensive information along with critical analysis will be very handy for a wide range of audience including medicinal chemists in the arena of antiviral drug discovery especially anti-viral drugs against any variant of COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid38642895,
year = {2024},
author = {Meijer, SE and Paran, Y and Belkin, A and Ben-Ami, R and Maor, Y and Nesher, L and Hussein, K and Rahav, G and Brosh-Nissimov, T},
title = {Persistent COVID-19 in Immunocompromised Patients - Israeli Society of Infectious Diseases Consensus Statement on Diagnosis and Management.},
journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cmi.2024.04.009},
pmid = {38642895},
issn = {1469-0691},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Immunocompromised patients with impaired humoral immunity are at risk for persistent COVID-19 (pCOVID), a protracted symptomatic disease with active viral replication.

OBJECTIVES: To establish a national consensus statement on the diagnosis, treatment, management, isolation, and prevention of pCOVID in adults.

SOURCES: We base our suggestions on the available literature, our own experience and clinical reasoning.

CONTENT: Literature on the treatment of pCOVID is scarce and consists of few case-reports and case series. The available studies provide low-quality evidence for monoclonal antibodies, convalescent plasma, anti-viral drugs, and immunomodulators. Different combination therapies are described. Continuous viral replication and anti-viral treatment may lead to the development of mutations that confer resistance to therapy.

IMPLICATIONS: To reduce the risk of resistance and improve outcomes, we suggest treating pCOVID with a combination of antibody-based therapy and two anti-viral drugs for a duration of five to ten days. Immunomodulatory therapy can be added in patients with an inflammatory clinical picture. In case of treatment failure or relapse, prolonged anti-viral treatment can be considered. For the prevention of pCOVID we suggest active and passive vaccination, as well as early initiation of treatment for acute COVID-19. Additional research on pCOVID treatment is urgently needed.},
}

@article {pmid38642828,
year = {2024},
author = {Jeremiah, SS and Moin, ASM and Butler, AE},
title = {Virus-induced diabetes mellitus, revisiting infection etiology in light of SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Metabolism: clinical and experimental},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {155917},
doi = {10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155917},
pmid = {38642828},
issn = {1532-8600},
abstract = {Diabetes mellitus (DM) is comprised of two predominant subtypes: type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), accounting for approximately 5 % of cases worldwide and resulting from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β-cells, and type 2 (T2DM), accounting for approximately 95 % of cases globally and characterized by the inability of pancreatic β-cells to meet the demand for insulin due to a relative β-cell deficit in the setting of peripheral insulin resistance. Both types of DM involve derangement of glucose metabolism and are metabolic diseases generally considered to be initiated by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Viruses have been reported to play a role as infectious etiological factors in the initiation of both types of DM in predisposed individuals. Among the reported viral infections causing DM in humans, the most studied include coxsackie B virus, cytomegalovirus and hepatitis C virus. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the diabetogenic potential of SARS-CoV-2, rekindling interest in the field of virus-induced diabetes (VID). This review discusses the reported mechanisms of viral-induced DM, addressing emerging concepts in VID, as well as highlighting areas where knowledge is lacking, and further investigation is warranted.},
}

@article {pmid38642783,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, PC and Lin, WC and Wang, CW and Chung, WH and Chen, CB},
title = {Cutaneous adverse reactions associated with COVID-19 vaccines: Current evidence and potential immune mechanisms.},
journal = {Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {110220},
doi = {10.1016/j.clim.2024.110220},
pmid = {38642783},
issn = {1521-7035},
abstract = {As the number of vaccinated individuals has increased, there have been increasing reports of cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions. The main COVID-19 vaccines administered include messenger ribonucleic acid vaccines, non-replicating viral vector vaccines, inactivated whole-virus vaccines, and protein-based vaccines. These vaccines contain active components such as polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80, aluminum, tromethamine, and disodium edetate dihydrate. Recent advances in understanding the coordination of inflammatory responses by specific subsets of lymphocytes have led to a new classification based on immune response patterns. We categorize these responses into four patterns: T helper (Th)1-, Th2-, Th17/22-, and Treg-polarized cutaneous inflammation after stimulation of COVID-19 vaccines. Although the association between COVID-19 vaccination and these cutaneous adverse reactions remains controversial, the occurrence of rare dermatoses and their short intervals suggest a possible relationship. Despite the potential adverse reactions, the administration of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial in the ongoing battle against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.},
}

@article {pmid38641954,
year = {2024},
author = {Contreras, A and Sánchez, SA and Rodríguez-Medina, C and Botero, JE},
title = {The role and impact of viruses on cancer development.},
journal = {Periodontology 2000},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/prd.12566},
pmid = {38641954},
issn = {1600-0757},
support = {CI 1963-2022//Universidad del Valle-Cali Colombia/ ; },
abstract = {This review focuses on three major aspects of oncoviruses' role in cancer development. To begin, we discuss their geographic distribution, revealing that seven oncoviruses cause 20% of all human cancers worldwide. Second, we investigate the primary carcinogenic mechanisms, looking at how these oncogenic viruses can induce cellular transformation, angiogenesis, and local and systemic inflammation. Finally, we investigate the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection reactivating latent oncoviruses, which could increase the risk of further disease. The development of oncovirus vaccines holds great promise for reducing cancer burden. Many unanswered questions about the host and environmental cofactors that contribute to cancer development and prevention remain, which ongoing research is attempting to address.},
}

@article {pmid38641847,
year = {2024},
author = {Yehia, A and Abulseoud, OA},
title = {Melatonin: a ferroptosis inhibitor with potential therapeutic efficacy for the post-COVID-19 trajectory of accelerated brain aging and neurodegeneration.},
journal = {Molecular neurodegeneration},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {36},
pmid = {38641847},
issn = {1750-1326},
mesh = {Humans ; *Melatonin/pharmacology/therapeutic use/metabolism ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; *COVID-19 ; *Ferroptosis ; Brain/metabolism ; Aging ; Iron/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The unprecedented pandemic of COVID-19 swept millions of lives in a short period, yet its menace continues among its survivors in the form of post-COVID syndrome. An exponentially growing number of COVID-19 survivors suffer from cognitive impairment, with compelling evidence of a trajectory of accelerated aging and neurodegeneration. The novel and enigmatic nature of this yet-to-unfold pathology demands extensive research seeking answers for both the molecular underpinnings and potential therapeutic targets. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death, is a strongly proposed underlying mechanism in post-COVID-19 aging and neurodegeneration discourse. COVID-19 incites neuroinflammation, iron dysregulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, antioxidant system repression, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) disruption, and clock gene alteration. These events pave the way for ferroptosis, which shows its signature in COVID-19, premature aging, and neurodegenerative disorders. In the search for a treatment, melatonin shines as a promising ferroptosis inhibitor with its repeatedly reported safety and tolerability. According to various studies, melatonin has proven efficacy in attenuating the severity of certain COVID-19 manifestations, validating its reputation as an anti-viral compound. Melatonin has well-documented anti-aging properties and combating neurodegenerative-related pathologies. Melatonin can block the leading events of ferroptosis since it is an efficient anti-inflammatory, iron chelator, antioxidant, angiotensin II antagonist, and clock gene regulator. Therefore, we propose ferroptosis as the culprit behind the post-COVID-19 trajectory of aging and neurodegeneration and melatonin, a well-fitting ferroptosis inhibitor, as a potential treatment.},
}

Humans
*Melatonin/pharmacology/therapeutic use/metabolism
Antioxidants/metabolism
*COVID-19
*Ferroptosis
Brain/metabolism
Aging
Iron/metabolism

@article {pmid38641775,
year = {2024},
author = {Elshiwy, K and Amin, GEE and Farres, MN and Samir, R and Allam, MF},
title = {The role of colchicine in the management of COVID-19: a Meta-analysis.},
journal = {BMC pulmonary medicine},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {190},
pmid = {38641775},
issn = {1471-2466},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Colchicine/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Virus Diseases ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has robustly affected the global healthcare and economic systems and it was caused by coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The clinical presentation of the disease ranges from a flu-like illness to severe pneumonia and death. Till September 2022, the cumulative number of cases exceeded 600 million worldwide and deaths were more than 6 million. Colchicine is an alkaloid drug that is used in many autoinflammatory conditions e.g., gout, familial Mediterranean fever, and Behçet's syndrome. Colchicine inhibits the production of superoxide and the release of interleukins that stimulate the inflammatory cascade. Colchicine decreases the differentiation of myofibroblast and the release of fibrotic mediators including transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) that are related to the fibrosis. Moreover, colchicine has been used to traet viral myocarditis caused by CMV or EBV, interstitial pneumonia, and pericarditis resulting from influenza B infection. Additionally, colchicine is considered safe and affordable with wide availability.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current study was to assess the evidence of colchicine effectiveness in COVID-19 treatment.

METHODS: A comprehensive review of the literature was done till May 2022 and yielded 814 articles after ranking the articles according to authors and year of publication. Only 8 clinical trials and cohort studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included for further steps of data collection, analysis, and reporting.

RESULTS: This meta-analysis involved 16,488 patients; 8146 patients in the treatment group and 8342 patients in the control group. The results showed that colchicine resulted in a significant reduction in the mortality rate among patients received colchicine in comparison with placebo or standard care (RR 0.35, 95%CI: 0.15-0.79). Colchicine resulted in a significant decrease in the need for O2 therapy in patients with COVID-19 (RR 0.07, 95%CI 0.02-0.27, P = 0.000024). However, colchicine had no significant effect on the following outcomes among COVID-19 patients: the need for hospitalization, ICU admission, artificial ventilation, and hospital discharge rate. Among the PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients, colchicine decreased the hospitalization rate (RR 0.75, 95%CI 0.57-0.99, P = 0.042). However, colchicine had no effect on mortality and the need for mechanical ventilation among this subgroup.

CONCLUSION: Colchicine caused a significant clinical improvement among COVID-19 patients as compared with the standard care or placebo, in terms of the need for O2, and mortality. This beneficial effect could play a role in the management of COVID-19 especially severe cases to decrease need for oxygen and to decrease mortality among these patients.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Colchicine/therapeutic use
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
*Virus Diseases